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Savannah
River
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Chattahoochee
River
Fall
Line
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Fast Facts
1.
Appalachian Plateau is TAG corner
2.
Ridge and Valley is home to Dalton GA- Carpet Capital of the
world
3.
Blue Ridge Region is home to the highest point in GeorgiaBrasstown Bald
4.
Piedmont is home to the capital of Georgia- Atlanta and is
the region with the most population
5.
Coastal Plain is divided in to 2 parts. The Inner Coastal
Plain and the Outer Coastal Plain. The inner Coastal Plain is
where most of Georgia’s farming takes place! Home to the
barrier islands.
FASTN-
The acronym for the 5 states that
border GEORGIA. Florida, Alabama, South Carolina,
Tennessee, North Carolina
Okefenokee
Swamp
Barrier
Islands
1
•
Where is GA? South eastern portion of the United States
•
•
What continent are we on? North American
What hemispheres is the U.S. in? North Western
2
Know the name and
Location of each region
3
Prehistoric Indians
Paleo
Archaic
Woodland
Mississippian
1,000 B.C. to 1,000 A.D.
Paleo (from Greek, “Very
Old”)
3 Groups
1. Early Archaic
Also called the Temple
Mound period
• Also called Old Stone Age
• Lasted about 10,000 years
•Settled along the Flint and
Savannah River
•Lived in groups of 25-50
people
• Nomadic (roaming) hunters
• Most tools and spear points
made of stone
• Used an “atlatl”: stone
sling-like
implement that threw darts
from a longer
distance
period: 8,000 B.C. to
5,000 B.C.
• Hunted large animals and small
game
• Invented tools from deer antlers
• Moved with each season to find
best
food resources
2. Middle Archaic
Began around 5,000 B.C.
• Water levels moved back along
rivers and coastal areas
• People began making hooks from
animal bones
• Shellfish was a more common
food
• Food was easier to find; people
moved around less
• Tribe: group of people
sharing common
ancestry, name,
and way of living
• Hundreds of families formed
tribes
• Built domed-shaped huts with
trees
• Used bow and arrows to
hunt
• Held religious ceremonies
• Farmed with homemade tools
and grew most of their food
• Thousands might live in a
single settlement, protected by
fences and moats
• Very religious; used jewelry
and body art
• Mysteriously Disappeared
•Most advanced group of all!
• Improved pottery-making
techniques
3. Late Archaic
4,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C.
• Created grooved axes to clear
trees and bushes
• Began saving and planting seeds
for
plants and seeds for growing
seasons(horticulture)
• Made and used pottery for storing,
cooking, and serving food
4
Chief Tomochichi- 1. Yamacraw Indian Chief 2. Close Friends with Oglethorpe 3.
brought rlations between the “white man” and Indians together.
James Oglethorpe- 1. His friend died in prison and this fueled him to want to create a new
colony. He came up with the idea to establish GA as a DEBTORS COLONY. GA was
created thanks to OGLETHORPE but not for a DEBTORS colony. When he arrived in the
GA colony he was a leader and TRUSTEE…
Mary Musgrove- She was John Musgrove's wife. John was the 1st translator and then Mary
took over. She helped OGLETHORPE and Chief Tomochichi communicate
Salzburgers- a group of German Protestants who were forced out of Salzburg. When
they arrived in GA Oglethorpe allowed them to settle. They named their town Ebenezer
but soon moved to better land and named it New Ebenezer.
Highland Scots- they opposed slavery. They assisted Oglethorpe during the
Spanish invasion. They were feisty and loved to fight. That is why they lived
along the coast!
Royal Colony- when GA was ruled by a King… a lot of settlers who moved back
to GA when it became a ROYAL colony. They brought back slaves, grew new
type crops, bought more land. Governors enforced laws for king.
Spanish Threat to Florida 1. WAR OF JENKINS EAR (lost)- between Spain and Britain.
British sailor got ear cut off. Oglethorpe tried to invade Spanish Florida but lost. 2.
Battle of Bloody Marsh-(WON) Oglethorpe along with the Highland Scots, invade Florida
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and win. After battle Oglethorpe “faked” that warships are on the way. The Spanish never
invaded again.
French and Indian WarA disagreement between France and Great Britain that led to a 9 year WAR that
began in 1754. Fighting over who could claim the most land in America! Great
Britain won! After the war the British began taxing the colonist.. This leads to the
American Revolution…
Proclamations of 1763Issued by King George 3rd . This Proclamation moved GA’s border boundary to the
St. Mary’s River It also forbade the colonist from settling west of the Appalachian
Mountain.
Stamp ActPassed in 1765 by Britain's Parliament in an attempt to raise money to pay the
FRENCH and INDIAN WAR. It placed a TAX on Newspapers, Legal Documents, and
Licenses. COLONISTS HATED THIS!!!
Intolerable Acts (COLONISTS HATED THIS!!!)
4 laws passed by Britain's Parliament as punishment to the colonist for the Boston Tea
party.
1.
Port of Boston Closes till colonist paid for tea
2.
No more town meetings for the colonists
3.
British officials could be tried in British court for wrong doings instead of going
through colonial courts
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4.
Quartering Acts passed- Colonials had to house and feed British troops
Loyalists- AKA “Tories”- were loyal to the King of England “King
George 3rd.
Constitutional Convention of
1787 purpose was to revise the
Articles of Confederation.
Patriots- AKA”Whigs”, “Liberty Boys”, “colonials”
These were colonists who were ready to cut ties with Great
Britain
Articles of Confederation- first
constitution.. It was very weak
and had little power.
Elijah Clarke- led the patriot militia group that defeated the British
in the BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK. Also he led the troops to take
back AUGUSTA from the British
Battle of Kettle Creek
Austin Dabney- African American man who is a Revolutionary
HERO. He was a follower of Elijah Clarke and helped Elijah win the
BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK
Nancy Hart- A colonial woman who truly helped GA win the
Revolutionary War for her efforts. She held British troops captive
until help arrived… only county in GA named after a woman
Button Gwinnett
Lyman Hall
The 3 signers of the Dec. of
Independence.
George Walton
Battle of Kettle Creek- Colonist WON this BATTLE!!! This boosted
the militia’s confidence.
Siege of Savannah- British troops seized Savannah. The French
tried to help us overtake the British in a battle. But failed. The
British held control of Savannah for over 3 years!
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Articles of Confederation-
Ratified on JULY 4th 1784. This was the
first constitution of the United States. It was Very Weak in power. The Articles
could not make the 13 colonies 1 nation… did not have the power to tax the
citizens. SO they will change it in 1787 to the U.S. Constitution.
Abraham Baldwin- 1 of the 2 signers of the US Constitution for
GA! Helped create the method to amend the constitution.
Eli Whitney invented the COTTON GIN- a
major mechanical invention of the time.
A FEW BALDMEN SIGNED THE
CONSTITUION!!!
William Few- 1 of the 2 signers of the US Constitution for GA!
Helped create the method to amend the constitution.
Land Policies: 2 Ways to distribute land:
1. Head right 2.Land lottery
Yazoo Land Fraud- 4 Land Companies bribed Georgia General Assembly
McIntosh- Creek Chief who made a deal with the
members to buy land. A penny and a half per acre. The public was very angry.
The deal was revoked!
state of GA to sell Indian land. His people murdered
him.
Creek Indians- AKA “Muscogee” Indians. Made up of 14 tribes.
McGillivray- Creek Chief who signed Treaty of
New York that gave colonist creek land
Cherokee Indians- “Real Indians”, lived in CLANS, had 2 chiefs- 1 for
Sequoyah- made the Syllabry- which made
war and 1 for making decisions', were MATRILINEAL (MOTHER), had a
council (type of gov.)
NEW ECHOTA- was the Cherokee capital
the Cherokee the 1st Indians to have a written
language
Dahlonega Gold Rush- 1829 gold discovered in the GA mountains
This was CHEROKEE land and they eventually get kicked off!
John Ross was a Cherokee Chief during
Trail of Tears.
Worcester vs Georgia- Reverend Worchester initially refused to sign an
John Marshall- Chief Justice that ruled the
oath to GA that would evict the Cherokee Indians off their land. He was thrown
in jail and stood trial. He took his case to the supreme court where he lost and
had to pledged his oath to the state. After the trial he was BANISHED from GA
Worcester Case decision could not stand b/c
Cherokee territory was not subject to state law…
Therefore the CHEROKEE lost their land
Andrew Jackson –Fought in the Battle of New Orleans in 1815.
This made him a hero. When he became President.. He signed
the Indian Removal Act… which led to the TRAIL OF TEARS.
Trail of Tears- 1838 The Cherokee had to
8 be
moved from their lands and were given new land in
Oklahoma 800 miles away. A lot of Cherokee died
Events that led to the CIVIL WAR:
1.
States’ Rights is the belief that states should be in charge of themselves. That is what the South
wanted. They felt like the North didn’t know or understand the South, so the Federal government shouldn’t make decisions for
the whole country.
States Rights-
2.
3.
4.
Slavery- being “owned” by someone else
Nullification- to declare invalid; if they didn’t think that a law made followed the
constitution they could not obey it;
Missouri Compromise- In the year 1820 Maine entered the Union as a free state and Missouri entered as a slave
5.
Compromise of 1850--The Compromise of 1850 was a series of 5 bills that were intended
6.
Georgia Platform-
7.
Kansas- Nebraska Act- Kansas and Nebraska were to chose what they wanted to be; went
state. They were added to keep the balance between the free states and the slave states-11 each. The country had made a
decision that slavery was not prohibited north of 36º 20´N which are the degrees of the southern border of Missouri.
to stop conflicts. The
Fugitive Slave Act was established. This act states that Federal officers were required to return runaway slaves.
became to support the Compromise of 1850 even if they didn’t like it in order to stay in
the Union; talked into it by Cobb, Stephens, Toombs.
against Missouri Compromise; people moved there and started fighting to try and win vote
8.
Dred Scott-Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri and his owner decided to move to Illinois, then to Wisconsin,
9.
Election of 1860-This election separated the country so much. It was pretty much whoever you were voting for, determined if
and then back
to Missouri. In 1857, he went to the Supreme Court hoping that they could grant his freedom. It turns out that the Court
had said that blacks were not and will never be citizens of America , and that Scott was not allowed to file a lawsuit. Court
also ruled that Congress could not stop slavery in the territories. This case separated the North and South even more.
there was going to be slavery or not. The 2 main candidates were Lincoln and Breckinridge. Lincoln was against slavery and
Breckinridge was for slavery. Bell and Douglas were not as popular as Lincoln and Breckinridge. Not many states cared about them.
But guess what? Because the major political party, the Democrats, had split up because of differences of opinion, they split up and
more than half formed the new political party of the Republicans. Which led to nominating Lincoln to run for president, which led to
him winning the election. What really amazes people is the fact that his name was not on single ballad down south and he still won
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election. That means he had no help from the South at all.
Debate over Secession
Alexander Stephens(FLIP FLOPPER)
The CIVIL War:
Antietam- The
When Georgia wasn’t sure about seceding from the Union, Alexander Stephens was
trying to convince Georgia that it would be better if they did NOT secede. But
when Georgia seceded from the Union on January 16, 1861 guess who was vice
president of the Confederate States of America. Alexander Stephens, even
though at first he did not aprove of seceding, he eventually approved it later on.
Cotton is the most important crop in the 1800’s Railroads most I
important form of transportation
Battle of Antietam was
fought on September 17, 1862. It was
the first major battle of the American
Civil War that was fought on Northern
soil. (Sharpsburg, Maryland) It was also
the bloodiest SINGLE-DAY battle in
American history. 23,000 soldiers were
dead.
Emancipation Proclamation- This
Gettysburg- The Battle of Gettysburg
Chickamauga- This battle lasted 2 days, September 18-20 1863. The battle
1.
2.
document consists of two orders:
issued on September 22, 1862
issued on January 1, 1863 and stated specific states in which all slaves are free.
(July 1st- July 3rd 1863), fought in, and
around the town of Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania, This battle had the largest
number of casualties in the American Civil
War and is frequently cited as the war's
turning point. Union General Meade's
Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by
Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army
of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion
of the North.
was fought between the Union army under control of Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans
and the Confederate army under control of Gen. Braxton Bragg.
On September 21 Rosecrans’s army withdrew to the city of Chattanooga while
the Confederates surrounded them. Unable to escape Rosecrans was relieved of
his command. This battle is considered a Confederate victory, but a costly one.
An estimated 34,634 soldiers died.
THE BLOODIEST BATTLE IN GEORGIA!
Union Blockade- north's
Sherman's Atlanta Campaign
& march to the Sea
Strategy to block all
Supplies Coming
into the south
Andersonville- a confederate prison for
Northern Prisoners of War. Real
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Freedmen’s Bureau
This Bureau was created to help aid freed men (former
slaves) adjust to society .The Bureau provided
education, jobs, food, money, clothes, and anything else
that could be given
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming- (mainly
former slaves)
Henry McNeal Turner -one of first African Americans elected to
KKK- Ku Klux Klan- a racist group that began
after the Civil War ended.
GA. Government -was kicked out because they said that African Americans
couldn’t run for office; reinstated by GA. Supreme Court
Sharecropping was done by people who had nothing, and needed
land, materials, seed and a place to stay. -they shared their
crop as rent and pay
-Tenant farming they have of their own tools, seed, animals, etc. Just
need to borrow the land to farm on.
Bourbon Triumvirate Brown, Colquitt, and Gordon formed
Henry Grady- coined phrase “New South” -meant that
this group…-in politics together for 18 years….-believed in industry
in the South, as well as maintaining white supremacy.. BROUGHT
INDUSTRY TO THE NEW SOUTH
the South was to become more like the Industrialized
North in its ways of making a living
Leo Frank Case- was accused of murdering a 14-year old girl
Jim Crow Laws- passed to establish “separate but equal”
-only testimony was from black janitor who was allowed to testify because
Frank was Jewish -ended up having his death sentence made into life sentence
-2-months later a group marched into the prison, got Frank
and hanged him for everyone to see
facilities for whites and blacks..1896
Plessey vs. Ferguson- Homer Plessy bought a train ticket to sit in the
Booker T. Washington- Washington helped to found the
whites car because he was 7/8 white and 1/8 black -he was arrested &
took his case to the Supreme Court -the court ruled that “Separate but
Equal” facilities was legal -paved way for more segregation
Tuskegee Instititute -believed that all African Americans should
learn a skill -thought that any person who made their own economic
success would see race relations improve;
W.E.B. Dubois- “ Talented 10th” and one of the founding
John and Lugenia Burns Hope- advocates for
fathers of the NAACP. Did not agree with Booker t.
Washington.
African Americans and children!
Alonzo Herndon- Atlanta Barber who created Atlanta
Reasons for entering WW1.- US remained out of it
Mutual Insurance and he became the wealthiest African
American in Atlanta.
until 1917 when after warning Germans about sinking ships,
they intercepted the Zimmerman telegram (FINAL BLOW)-sent11
by
Germany to
Mexico asking them to attack US from South.
Great Depression:
Rebecca Latimere Felton- first woman Senator
Boll Weevil-insect which ate Georgia’s most important
cotton crop
Drought in Georgia- began in 1914ish-1924: major
drought (period with little or no rain) hit Georgia
Stock Market Crash--Place where shares of ownership in
Eugene Talmadge- ( Herman’s Dad)
corporations (stock) are bought and sold. “Black Tuesday” –
October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of
people loose all their wealth
Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia
Served as GA’s Gov. for four non consecutive terms
Was a white supremacist .. Won the 1946 election but
then died.. This brought his son HERMAN in to office…
New Deal : (FDR) Roosevelt’s plan to end the
depression RELIEF RECOVERY AND REFORM
AAA, CCC, REA, Social Securtiy
Rural Electrification- brought electric power to rural areas
Social Security- The Act provided benefits to retirees
and the unemployed, and a lump-sum benefit at death.
CCC- built many parks, sewer systems, bridges, and
planting trees!
AAA- The government paid farmers to stop producing
crops
World War II:
Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Bell Aircraft-
Savannah and Brunswick Shipyards-
Factories in Georgia where AIRPLANES were built during World
War II. Brought lots of money to GA and helped get us out of the
Great Depression.
Factories in Georgia where SHIPS WERE BUILT during World
War II. Brought lots of money to GA and helped get us out of the
Great Depression.
Bombing of Pearl Harbor -nickname “The day that will live
Carl Vinson- Served over 50 years in the House of
in infamy” 12-7-1941 Pearl Harbor Hawaii was bombed by the
Japanese. The next day on 12-8… the United States entered the
war.
Representatives (longer than any other congressman) Fought
hard for the navy! “FATHER OF THE TWO OCEAN NAVY”
Richard Russell- was the youngest governor in GA, the youngest
Lend Lease Act- During World War II… the U.S. lended
Great Britain supplies before we entered the war. 12
House of Rep. member and the youngest Senator.. Fought hard to bring naval
bases to the state of Georgia
Modern Georgia 1940’s to Present
Mayor William B. Hartsfield: Airport in Atlanta
named after him.. “Father of Aviation”
Mayor Ivan Allen Jr.- Mayor of Atlanta brought
major league (professional) sports to GA
Mayor Ellis Arnall
Benjamin MaysLester Maddox-appointed more Afircan Americans
to boards and commisions than all other previous
governors combined. AND was first governor to
be elected Lt. Governor
CIVIL RIGHTS:
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes- First
African Americans that integrated into the
UNIVERSITY OF GEOGRIGA>
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Martin Luther King, Jr.- civil rights activists…
delivered the “I have a Dream speech”
Brown vs. Board of Education- declared separate
but equal unconstitutional in education
Herman Talmadge- racists, segregationist,
Eugenes son, gov. of GA from 1948-1955
Governors Race of 1946- (see next slide)
Sibley Commission- A commission made up of 14
people. Created to study the problem of
integration in GA schools.
Albany Movement- showed that protesting and sit
in’s do work to get the point across
Mayor Maynard Jackson- ATLANTA’s First African
American Mayor…
Andrew Young- Brought the 1996 Olympics to GA
and was a huge civil rights activist… he also
helped DR. Martin Luther King
Jimmy Carter- Cared a lot about helping people
(humanitarian)… was a State Senator, Governor,
President of the United States… Only President
from Georgia Was all for integration
1996 Olympic Games in GA- Brought in tons of
money to Georgia…. Mayor Maynard Jackson
convinced the Olympic panel to allow the
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Olympics be in Atlanta Ga.
Explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-
Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Qualifications for office
Legislative Branch..
General Assembly
Executive
Branch
Gov.
Age
Years of
Residency
In GA
Years of
Residency
In U.S.
Term Length
30
6
15
4
(may only serve 2
consecutive
terms)
Lt. Gov.
30
6
15
4
(may serve
unlimited terms)
Senator
25
2
2
2
(may serve
unlimited terms)
House of
Representative
21
2
2
2
(may serve
unlimited terms)
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How a BILL becomes a LAW
Governor has 3
choices:
1. Sign it
2. Sit on it
3. Veto it
Full House of Representatives
VETO-….The General Assembly can
undo the veto by voting again, and if
2/3 or more of the Assembly vote
the bill into law, the veto is undone,
and it becomes a state law anyway
Full Senate
House of Representatives COMMITTEE
Senate COMMITTEE
Bill submitted by citizen
A bill is written and given to either the clerk in the House, or the Secretary
In the Senate. It can go to either CHAMBER EXCEPT IF IT IS A APPROPRIATION/MONEY BILL..
Those must begin in the HOUSE
Judicial Branch
(Court… Judges…)
Appellate CourtsThese 2 courts
only review court
case decision s
made by lower
courts..
How are they Elected?
Term
Length
How are they Elected?
Term
Length
Supreme Court
7 justices
Court of Appeals
12 judges
Superior Court
188 judges
State
Court
Juvenile
Court
Probate
Court
Magistrate
Court
Juvenile Justice System
1st step is intake; intake officer
investigates and if there is not
enough evidence, the juvenile must
be released. If there is enough
for charges, juvenile may be
released to parents, or detained
to YDC.
The 1st part of the formal hearing is the
adjudicatory hearing. This is like a trial,
where the judge hears the case against
the juvenile and decides whether or not
the child is guilty.
4th step in juvenile process is
sentencing; judge may release to
parents, give probation,
send to YDC,
send to boot camp, give fines,
suspend licence, etc.
2nd step is detention; if
juvenile is
detained a probable cause
hearing is had within 72 hours.
Judge has 3 options; dismiss
case, informal adjustment;
formal hearing
3rd step is formal hearing;
complaining witness files
a
petition stating the
wrongdoing
The 2nd part of the formal hearing is the
dispositional hearing. This is the stage
where the judge hands down the
punishment for the offense.
Last step in juvenile process is the
right to appeal his/her case if they
believe they did not commit the crime,
or if they feel their rights were
violated during the trial procedure.
Courts may have juvenile under
supervision for up to 5 years.
Juvenile Justice System
Unruly Child- breaks a kid law (curfew, smoking, drinking)
Delinquent Child- breaks an adult law (murder, robbery)
Civil Law- Cases that do not involve laws being broken(divorces..Wills..)
Criminal Law- Cases involving people that have broken the law.
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