Transcript Civil War Battles - simonbaruchcurriculum

As teachers of history
we are a crucial and
privileged link in our
nation. A nation that has
broken faith with the
past cannot have a vision
for its future. We need to
teach our students not
only what it means to be
Americans but how we
became Americans.
No nation that has
broken faith with its
past has ever
succeeded. Without
an understanding of
our history our nation
has no future
The Union and Confederacy in 1861
Overview
of
Civil War
The last
battle for
freedom
Confederate Leaders
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis
Union Leaders
Ulysses S. Grant
George B. McClellan
Southern Land
African Americans
In 1863 the U.S. Congress
passed a law allowing
African Americans to serve
in the military.
Within months there were
close to 200,000 Africans
serving in the Northern
army and navy.
Weaponry and Protection
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter
Principal Commanders: Union States: Maj. Robert Anderson
Confederate States: Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
Forces Engaged:
Union States: 80
Confederate States: est.
Total: Regiments: 580 total
Estimated Casualties:
None
Results:
Confederate victory
Description:
• April 1861, South Carolina
• Abraham Lincoln is afraid to send supplies
because the South may attack.
• On April 10, 1861, Lincoln sends supplies
• The Confederates attack
• The Civil War begins!!!
Battle of Bull Run
st
(1
Manassas),
July, 1862
Bull Run (Manassas)
Other Name:
Poindexter’s Farm
Principal
Commanders:
Union States: Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan
Confederate States: Gen. Robert E. Lee
Estimated Casualties:
8,500 total
Results:
Confederate victory
Description:
• July 1st 1862, Virginia
• Union soldiers want to cut rail lines at
Manassas, Virginia
• “Stonewall” Jackson holds off Union
• Union is force to retreat.
Battle for the Rivers
Battle for the Rivers
In 1862:
Grant (Union) takes:
– Fort Henry on the Tennessee River.
– Nashville, Tennessee by sailing up the
Cumberland River.
Farragut (Union) takes:
– Forts Jackson and St Phillip
along the Mississippi.
– New Orleans.
Richmond
Richmond
• March 1862, Virginia
• McClellan tries to take Richmond
(Confederate Capital.
• “Stonewall” Jackson distracts Union troops in
the valley.
• Robert E. Lee becomes new General*****
• Lee wins but nearly 20,000 rebels die
Antietam
The Bloodiest Day in American
History
Antietam
Other Name:
Sharpsburg
Principal Commanders:
Union States: Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan
Confederate States: Gen. Robert E. Lee
Estimated Casualties:
23,100 total
Results:
Inconclusive (Union strategic victory.)
Description:
• September 16-18, 1862, Maryland
• McClellan confronted Lee’s
Army at Sharpsburg, Maryland.
• September 17, becomes the
single bloodiest day in
American military history.
Antietam
• 22,726 Americans
died in one day
amongst the hills and
plains of Maryland.
Late in the day, the Union crossed the stone bridge over Antietam Creek and rolled up the
Confederate right. At a crucial moment, another Confederate division arrived from Harpers
Ferry and counterattacked, driving back the Union and saved the day. Although
outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in less than
three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight the Union to a standstill. During the night,
both armies regrouped their lines. In spite of crippling casualties, Lee continued to fight
with McClellan throughout the 18th, while removing his wounded south of the river.
McClellan did not renew the assaults. After dark, Lee ordered the battered Army of
Northern Virginia to withdraw across the Potomac into the Shenandoah Valley.
Antietam
Emancipation in 1863
President Lincoln
issues the
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION, on
January 1, 1863. It
declared that all
slaves in States still
in rebellion against
the United States are
free.
The Southern View of Emancipation
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
Vicksburg
Principal Commanders:
Union States: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate States: Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton
Forces Engaged:
Union States: Army of the Tennessee
Confederate States: Army of Vicksburg
Estimated Casualties:
Union States: 4,550
Confederate States: 31,275
Total: 35,825 total
Results:
Union victory
Description:
• May and June 1863, Mississippi
• Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s armies attack on
Vicksburg, trapping a Confederate army
• On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered.
• One of the most important military campaigns of
the war.
• The Confederacy was split in half.
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg
Principal Commanders:
Union States: Maj. Gen. George G. Meade
Confederate States: Gen. Robert E. Lee
Estimated Casualties:
Union States: 23,000
Confederate States: 28,000
Total: 51,000 total
Results:
Union victory
Description:
•July 1863, Pennsylvania
•Lee marched 75,000 men to invade the north.
•The union troops arrive with 88,000
•Pickett’s Charge- Thousands of Confederates
run directly at the Union troops.
•Largest and bloodiest battle ever fought in
North America.
Gettysburg
Battles erupt on Little Round Top, Peach
Orchid, Wheat Field, and Cemetery Hill.
Gettysburg
Gettysburg
Gettysburg would be the
most horrific battle in
American History.
Confederate Forces
Engaged: 75,000
Union Forces Engaged:
82,289
Winner: Union
Casualties: 51,112
(23,049 Union and 28,063
Confederate)
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
November 19th 1863
Lincoln gives a speech atop of
Cemetery Hill where the Union troops
that died at Gettysburg were buried.
Lincoln’s words would ring through
history, immortalizing the sacrifice of
his nations sons.
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a
new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great
battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is
altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not
hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth.
Presidential
Election of
1864
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
The South Surrenders
April 2, 1865 April 2 - Grant's forces break
through Lee's lines at Petersburg. Lee
evacuates Petersburg. The Confederate
Capital, Richmond, is abandoned. The next
day, Union troops enter and raise the Stars and
Stripes.
April 9, 1865 April 9 - Gen. Robert E. Lee
surrenders his Confederate Army to Gen.
Ulysses S. Grant at the village of Appomattox
Court House in Virginia.
The South Surrenders
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Casualties on Both Sides
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
 1862 – Homestead Act
 1862 – Legal Tender Act
 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
 1863 – Pacific Railway Act
 1863 – National Bank Act
Sherman’s
March
through
Georgia
to the
Sea, 1864
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
African-Americans in Civil War Battles
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
War in the East: 1861-1862
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860