Transcript The American West - Central Magnet School

Bell Work
 Why were the Intolerable Acts passed? What were the
terms of the Intolerable Acts?
This Day in History:
April 20, 1861- Colonel Robert E. Lee resigns from the United States army two days
after he was offered command of the Union army and three days after his native
state, Virginia, seceded from the Union.
April 20, 1871- With passage of the Third Force Act, popularly known as the Ku Klux Act,
Congress authorizes President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law, impose
heavy penalties against terrorist organizations, and use military force to suppress the
Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
April 20, 1889- Adolf Hitler is born in Austria.
April 20, 1898- William McKinley asks Congress for a declaration of war against Spain.
April 20, 1999- Two teenage gunmen kill 13 people in a shooting spree at Columbine
High School in Littleton, Colorado.
April 20, 2010- The BP Oil Spill begins in the Gulf of Mexico.
The American West
1858-1896
Boomtown
 In 1859 Henry
Comstock
discovered silver in
Nevada.
 Five years later
Nevada was
admitted as the 36th
state.
 Examples of this
happened many
times in the west
creating boomtowns.
Statehood
 Mining lead to
statehood for
Colorado, Arizona,
the Dakotas, and
Montana.
 When the mines
were exhausted
many towns were
abandoned.
Linking the nation
 In 1862 Abraham Lincoln
signed the Pacific Railway
Act.
 The government offered
land grants out west for
every mile of track they
laid down.
 During the 1850s and
1860s the government
gave away 120 million
acres of land.
Union Pacific
 Under the direction of
Grenville Dodge.
 Started pushing
westward from Omaha,
NE in 1865.
 Workers included Civil
War vets, Irish
immigrants, and excons.
Central Pacific
 Lead by Leland Stanford.
 Headed east from
Sacramento, CA. Had to
deal with building through
mountains.
 Hired 10,000 Chinese
laborers. Shipped all
goods around South
America.
Changing America
 In 1883 the
American Railway
Association divided
the nation into 4
time zones.
 U.S. was
connected like
never before.
Open Range
 Longhorn cattle
lived free in Texas.
 After the Civil War
beef prices rose so
cheap cattle was
needed in the east.
 Cowboys began
driving cattle up to
Kansas to get on the
rail lines back east.
Homestead Act
 Stephen Long in 1819
called the Great Plains
the “Great American
Desert.”
 In 1862 the U.S.
passed the Homestead
Act to encourage
settlement.
 For $10 people could
get 160 acres of land.
Closing of the Frontier
 In 1889 the U.S.
opened the last
territories for
settlement in
Oklahoma.
 10,000 people rushed
to claim land in OK.
 The next year the
census said there was
no longer a frontier in
America.
Nomadic People
 Great Plains Indians
largely relied on the
buffalo.
 They were nomadic
people who followed
the herds for food.
Dakota Sioux Uprising
 The Dakota Sioux had
agreed to live on
reservations in
Minnesota for annuities.
 After the rebellion 307
Dakotas were sentenced
to death.
 After the Sioux fled
Minnesota for the
Dakota territory.
Sand Creek Massacre, 1864
 John Evans ordered
Cheyenne Indians in
Colorado to surrender.
 In 1864 Chief Black
Kettle looked to negotiate
peace.
 He was ordered to camp
at Sand Creek where his
people were massacred.
Red Cloud’s War
 In the mid 19th Century
gold was discovered in the
Black Hills
 The Lakota controlled the
Black Hills and the Bighorn
Mountains.
 In 1866 a group of Lakota
under Crazy Horse wiped
out a group of American
soldiers under Captain
Fetterman.
Plans for Peace
 The Indian Peace
Commission of 1867
proposed two large
reservations on the
Plains.
 Reservations were
meant to assimilate
Indians into white
culture.
Battle of the Little Bighorn, Custer’s Last Stand
 By the 1870’s Indians
left the reservations.
 On June 25, 1876 Lt.
Col. George Custer
attacked a group of
Lakota and Cheyenne
by the Little Big Horn
River.
Nez Perce
 In 1877 the Nez Perce
people under Chief
Joseph refused to
move to a reservation.
 They eventually would
surrender and be
forced to move to
Oklahoma.
Wounded Knee
 Defying orders the
Lakota Sioux continued
to do a Ghost Dance
ritual.
 Sitting Bull had returned
from Canada and was
about to be arrested.
 December 29, 1890 200
Lakota were wiped out
by the army.
Chapter 19 Review
 Page 544, 1 and 4
 Page 545, 1-10