Transcript Gettysburg (cont`d)

Chapter Objectives
Section 4: The Turning Point
• Evaluate the importance of events at
Vicksburg and Gettysburg. 
• Describe how battles in Tennessee helped turn
the war increasingly in favor of the Union.
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Major Battles of the
Civil War After
Antietam
Battle of Fredericksburg
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Lincoln fires McClellan after Antietam
Dec. 13, 1862
Fredericksburg, VA
(US) Ambrose Burnside (CSA) Lee
(US) 115,000 (CSA) 78,000
Burnside moves to VA
Worried he will get fired if he is not aggressive
Lee’s troops are on the S bank of the Rappahannock R.
US Gen. Ambrose Burnside
Fredericksburg (cont’d)
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Lee spreads troops over Marye Heights
overlooking the town
Burnside crosses the river on pontoons in
cannon range
Believes the S will be surprised
Lee allows them in the town
Pontoons at Fredericksburg
Pontoons at Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg from Marye Heights
Fredericksburg (cont’d)
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Burnside orders charge after charge
Est. casualties (US) 13,000 (CSA) 5,000
Burnside resigns
Artillery at Fredericksburg
The stone wall at Fredericksburg
Battle of Chancellorsville
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May 1-5, 1863
Chancellorsville, VA
(US) Joseph Hooker (CSA) Lee
(US) 115,000 (CSA) 59,000
CSA Gen. JEB Stuart spots Union army
Union fights and retreats into the woods
Lee & Jackson split army
US Gen. Joseph Hooker
CSA Cavalry JEB Stuart
Chancellorsville (cont’d)
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Confederates attack & may have won until it
gets dark
Night of May 2, Jackson and soldiers scout
Union forces
As they come back, Jackson’s men mistake them
for Union soldiers and Jackson is hit 3 times
Have to amputate his left arm
Stuart takes Jackson’s command
CSA Gen. Stonewall Jackson
Chancellorsville
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May 5- Defeat the Union army and they retreat
May 10- Stonewall Jackson dies of pneumonia
Lee loses his “strong right arm”
Est. casualties (US) 17,000 (CSA) 14,000
Stonewall Jackson’s death bed
Stonewall Jackson gravesite
Dead soldier at Chancellorsville
After Chancellorsville
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After Union defeats at Fredericksburg &
Chancellorsville, many northerners are
considering letting the S go.
S is running out of resources
Lee plans to attack in the N to see if it will end
the war
Battle of Gettysburg
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July 1-4, 1863
Gettysburg, PA
(US) George Meade (CSA) Lee
(US) 95,000 (CSA) 79,000
Confederate soldiers go to Gettysburg to get
shoes
Skirmish with Union troops
Both sides rush to Gettysburg
US Gen. George Meade
Gettysburg (cont’d)
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Fight between Cemetary Ridge (N) & Seminary
Ridge (S)
Lee plans to attack Cemetary Ridge the next day
July 2, Gen. James Longstreet is slow to get into
position
AL troops try to take Little Round Top
Held off by Joshua Chamberlain and Maine
troops
From Seminary to Cemetary Ridge
CSA Gen. James Longstreet
Little Round Top
Gettysburg (cont’d)
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July 3- Conf. begin a cannon barrage
No retreat
Desperate- Lee plans another attack
Longstreet opposes it
Confederates begin Pickett’s Charge
“High tide of the Confederacy”
Closest they are to winning war (N most point ever)
Between 8-10,000 Conf. soldiers die
July 4- Conf. begin retreat
CSA Gen. George Pickett
Gettysburg (cont’d)
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Est. Casualties (US) 23,000 (CSA) 28,000
S sends peace delegation (Lincoln will not talk)
The Road to Gettysburg (cont.)
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg the
turning point of the Civil War?
The Battle of Gettysburg cost General Lee
a third of his Confederate forces. For the
rest of the war, Lee’s forces remained on
the defensive, slowly giving ground to the
advancing Union army. The Union’s victory
strengthened the Republicans politically
and ensured that the British would not
recognize the Confederacy.
(pages 370–372)
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War in the West
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1862-David Farragut (US Navy) captures New Orleans
Ulysses S. Grant (unconditional surrender)is trying to
gain complete control of the MS River
Port Hudson, LA and Vicksburg are the last S
strongholds
Vicksburg is on a high bluff
Surrounded by swamps
1 way in from the E
Grant tries to attack city or bypass it unsuccessfully
War in the West (cont’d)
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Apr. 1863- go S of Vicksburg and attack
Jackson, MS
Draws soldiers from Vicksburg under John
Pemberton
Union takes Jackson and S retreats
Late May, Grant begins a siege of Vicksburg
Shell it for a month
Conf. soldiers begin eating horses, mules and
dogs
Shortly before the Confederate surrender in
Vicksburg, the Union was strengthened by the
addition of a new state. On June 20, 1863,
West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state when
the western part of Virginia broke away from
Virginia.
War in the West (cont’d)
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Late June- Conf. rationed to 1 biscuit 1
bacon/day
July 4- John Pemberton surrenders Vicksburg
July 8- Port Hudson surrenders
The Union controls the MS River
South is cut in two “spinal cord is severed”
Vicksburg Falls (cont.)
Why was the capture of Vicksburg an
important part of the Union’s strategy?
By capturing Vicksburg, the Union forces
gained control of the Mississippi River
and it cut the South in two.
(pages 369–370)
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The Gettysburg Address
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Nov. 19, 1863
15,000 people gather to dedicate a Union soldier
cemetary
Edward Everett gives a 2 hr speech
Abraham Lincoln gives a 2 min. speech called
the Gettysburg Address
Which is Lincoln’s most famous speech?
Gettysburg Cemetary
Gettysburg Cemetary
Gettysburg Address Photo
Lincoln at Gettysburg
Critical Thinking
Analyzing What do you think might
have been the outcome of the war if
the Confederates had won the Battle
of Gettysburg? Why do you think so?
Possible answer: The outcome would
have been a Union victory but a longer
war. With a victory, the Confederates
may have been able to convince
Britain to assist the Confederacy.
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Analyzing Visuals
Examining Photographs Examine the
photograph on page 370 of your
textbook of Vicksburg, Mississippi. From
looking at the picture, what do you think
life was like for troops during a siege?
Why do you think the troops were trying
to tunnel under Confederate lines?
Possible answers: Life was dirty,
uncomfortable, and boring. Tunnels
allowed Union troops to sneak behind the
lines and launch an attack at the front and
the back of Confederate troops.
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