Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
Chapter 15
Mobilizing for War
• How did the North prepare militarily
(Enrollment Act) and financially
(“Greenbacks”) for the war?
• How did the South prepare militarily
(Conscription Law, 20 negro law,
Impressment Act) and financially for the
war?
1860 Census Facts
Total - 1860 CENSUS
Total Population
31,183,582
Free Colored Persons
Total Free Population
Total Number of Slaves
Slave % of Population
Total # of Families
Total # of Slaveholders
% Owning Slaves
476,748
27,233,198
3,950,528
13%
5,155,608
393,975
8%
At first, the North used
volunteers but then passed
the Enrollment Act,
forcing white males aged
20 to 45 to register for the
draft
Exemptions were allowed
for those who could afford
to pay for substitutes
Civil War Finances
The Union financed the war through “Greenbacks”, the first money to
ever be backed by the government in the US
The National Bank Act was passed allowing federal banks to issue
notes to people
The Conscription Act
replaced volunteers in the
South, but allowed
slaveholders with over 20
slaves to be exempt (20
Negro Law)
The Impressment Act
allowed the government
to take food and slaves to
help in the army
The South printed money
but suffered from high
inflation and depreciation
Lincoln and Jefferson Davis
• What political challenges did Jefferson
Davis have as Confederacy leader and how
successful was he in facing them?
• What political challenges did Lincoln have
as the President and how successful was he
in facing them? (Northern Dems, Radical
Republicans)
• What actions did Lincoln take to secure the
nation and what were the effects? (Writ of
Habeas Corpus, Ex Parte Merryman)
Lincoln and Davis
Lincoln had opposition from Peace Democrats on one side and
Radical Republicans on the other, but had a strong Republican
coalition backing him unlike Davis, who struggled getting any
support from Southern leaders
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Second: That the writ of habeas corpus is suspended in
respect to all persons arrested, or who are now, or
hereafter during the rebellion shall be, imprisoned in
any fort, camp, arsenal, military prisons, or other place
of confinement, by any military authority, or by the
sentence of any court-martial or military commission.
Lincoln’s suspension of Habeas Corpus kept the border states in the
Union and protected DC
The courts tried to stop Lincoln’s plan through Ex Parte Merryman
but Lincoln ignores the ruling
Advantages and Strategies
Advantages
North
South
Strategies
The Anaconda Plan
The North had population and industry on their side, and planned to
seal off the South through the Anaconda Plan
The plan would hurt Southern economy by splitting them and
bombarding their coastal cities
Lee and Jackson
The South had advantages: Better Generals like Lee and Jackson,
Home Soil, and a slave labor force to keep up the economy
The plan was to hold out and get France and Britain to recognize their
existence
Steps Against Slavery
• What was Lincoln’s original plan regarding
slavery during the Civil War? Why did he
abandon the idea during the war?
• What steps were taken by the North to slowly
encourage slaves to be free? (First Confiscation
Act, Second Confiscation Act)
• What was the purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation and what did it actually accomplish?
Emancipation Proclamation
At first, Lincoln had no intention of interfering with slavery but
was pressured to eventually pass the Emancipation Proclamation
The actual bill freed no slaves because it targeted only slaves in the
South (not under Union control) but it did appease Radical
Republicans and got support from France and Britain
Aiding the Slaves
• What new societies were created to help
slaves in the North? (Freedman’s Bureau)
• How did the South react to the
Emancipation Proclamation and new
societies?
• What role did free blacks play in the Civil
War?
Freedman’s Bureau
Emancipation of slaves led many to escape, and the Freedman’s Aid
Societies set up ways to help slaves
Dissent during the Civil War
• Both sides had groups of people who did not agree
with the actions their side was taking during the
Civil War
• What was the dissention in the North and how did
Lincoln deal with it? (Copperheads, Draft Riots,
Ex Parte Milligan)
• What was the dissention in the South and how did
Davis deal with it? (Rich Man’s War but a poor
man’s fight)
Northern Dissent
The Copperheads claimed
New York Draft Riots showed
Lincoln was playing his last
the amount of people who
card, the one against slavery
protested the war
Lincoln also ignored Ex Parte Milligan
Social and Political Movements
During the War
• What was the hope for women’s rights
during the Civil War? What became the
reality? (National Women’s Loyal League)
• What were the stances during the election of
1864 and what were the results? (Andrew
Johnson, George McClellan, Sherman’s
March)
Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Susan B. Anthony set up the
National Women’s Loyal
League, the first ever women’s
organization
Despite the attempts at gaining
rights, women were
disappointed that their status did
not change during the war and
no gains were made
Election of 1864
Lincoln is
pro-war
and
McClellan
runs as the
peace
Democrat
Advertising the War
• In pairs, split into Northern and Southern
advertiser and for your side create an ad that
encourages people to support the war by:
1) Explaining how your side is preparing
militarily and financially
2) Addressing the advantages and
strategies your side has during the war
3) Explaining your ideology and actions
towards the slavery and freedman issues
4) Showing forms of dissent against the
war and encouraging them not to do that
Civil War Battles
1) Know one cause and one effect
2) Know at least two main people or events
3) Know the significance of the battle, who
won and why it was important
McClellan in the East
General George
McClellan led the
“Peninsula
Campaign” which
included
1) Losing at the 1st and
2nd Battle of Bull Run
2) Being defeated before
he could defeat the
Confederates in
Richmond, meaning
the war lasts longer
Lee and Jackson in the East
Lee and Jackson won
several battles for the
Confederacy including the
2nd Battle of Bull Run
Antietam
McClellan’s victory
for the Union at
Antietam (the
bloodiest battle)
halted Lee’s advance
The victory stopped
the Confederates
from getting open
recognition and aid
from a foreign power
and allowed Lincoln
to issue his plans for
the Emancipation
Proclamation
Battle of Fredericksburg
• General Burnside charged a fortress of the
Confederacy and lost many men, leading to
a Confederate victory
• Showed two things:
1) Improved weaponry such as the
Gatling Gun made charging positions difficult
2) Lincoln’s attempt at speeding up the
war backfired (Burnside acted faster than
McClellan)
Battles in the West
The Western frontier
saw many Union
victories that allowed
them to gain control
of the Mississippi
River and split the
confederacy in two
Fort Henry and Donelson
• Ulysses S. Grant attacks two Mississippi
forts and claims them as victory for the
North
• These victories helped Grant’s status and
opened up the Mississippi River to be
attacked by the Union
Battle of Shiloh
• Confederate Albert Johnston surprises
Grant at Shiloh but he holds firm after
major losses on both sides, North wins
• Further opened up the Western front for
attacks by the Union
Battle of New Orleans
• David Farragut captures the port of New
Orleans from the Confederacy
• Union control the Mississippi from both
directions and hurt the commercial and
economic power of the South
Merrimac v. Monitor
Naval war erupted as
the Union tightened
their blockade,
leading to the first
clash of ironclads
between the Monitor
and Merrimac
The naval war was
won by the North,
who disrupted vital
Southern trade routes
Diplomacy – Napoleon III and
William Seward
Seward’s
meetings
with
Napoleon
kept him
from
fulfilling
his
original
wishes of
a divided
US so he
could take
Mexico
Trent Affair – James Mason and
John Slidell (British Diplomats)
The “Trent Affair” created
tension between the Union
and Britain and the “cotton
diplomacy” angle of the
South threatened relations
further
Ultimately, Britain chose to
stay out of the war and then
supported the Union after the
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg – Day 1
Gettysburg – Day 2
Gettysburg - Day 3
The turning point
of the Eastern
frontier was
Gettysburg, which
halted Lee’s
advances
It put the South
on the defensive
for the rest of the
war and destroyed
a large part of the
Confederate army
Vicksburg
The Union
turned the tide
in the West by
Grant capturing
Vicksburg, and
now controlled
the whole
Mississippi
River
Grant v. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant,
now in charge of all
Union armies after
McClellan’s
resignation, chased
Lee and slowly
weakened the
Confederate army
Battle of Chancellorville
• Grant was put in charge and kept pressure
on Lee by attacking him soon after his loss
at Gettysburg
• The losses forced Lee to retreat to
Richmond but also showed that the war had
become a “total war” against civilians and
soldiers as Grant destroyed railroads and
other lines of supply in the South
Battle of Chattanooga
• Sherman’s first attacks as he defeats armies
at Chattanooga for the North
• The attack showed his intentions of total
war as he deliberately burned and destroyed
areas of the South to break the will of the
Confederacy
Sherman’s March
Sherman’s March
went from
Chattanooga to
Atlanta, where he
proceeded to
burn the city and
drive the
confederates
away
Savannah and the Carolinas
Sherman continued
from Atlanta across
Georgia and into the
Carolinas, seizing
and destroying all
confederate property
Appomattox Courthouse
Grant closed in
on Lee and
forced him to
surrender at
Appomattox,
ending the Civil
War
Economic Impacts
• What were the economic impacts of the war
in the North and the South? (Technology,
Morrill Tariff, Homestead Act, Morrill
Land Grant Act, Pacific Railway Act)
• What were the economic impacts of the war
in the South?
Weapons of the War
Colt 1860
Gatling Gun
Burnside
Carbine
Impact of War
The North now had a
healthy economy with
stimulated
industrialization
Morrill Tariff raised
rates, Homestead Act
offered 160 acres of
land free to anyone
who would farm for 5
years, Morrill Land
Grant Act encouraged
states to create
agricultural colleges,
Pacific Railway Act
authorized building
railroads to the West
Destruction of the South
The South had their economy destroyed as well as the Old South
society (which lost slaves)
Social Impacts of the War
• What were the social impacts of the war in
the North? (Rich v. Poor, Soldiers,
Medicine, 13th Amendment)
• What were the social impacts of the war in
the South? (Loss of “Old South” and
creation of “New South”)
Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton
In the medical field, women nurses led the way in treating soldiers
The US Sanitary Commission and later the Red Cross were founded to
get medical supplies and food as well as take volunteer nurses
Due to the lack of knowledge about infections and diseases, the death
toll for soldiers was very high
Prisons and Health
Prisons were extremely notorious
for being unsanitary and many
Confederate and Union soldiers
died in them
This is a Union Army soldier
released from Andersonville
prison, one of the most notorious
Confederate prisons
Political Impacts of War
• What were the political impacts of the Civil
War in the North? (Democrats, Copperhead
Democrats, Free Soil Republicans, Radical
Republicans, Federal Supremacy)
• What were the political impacts of the Civil
War in the South? (Northern Dominance)
Civil War Essay
• What were the most important causes,
events, and effects of the civil war?
• Needs a thesis, at least two paragraphs, at
least 6 specifics total