Transcript Document

Chapter
Section
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Objectives
•
Trace the growing conflict over the issue of
slavery in the western territories.
•
Explain how the Fugitive Slave Act increased
northern opposition to slavery.
•
Analyze the importance of the Dred Scott
decision.
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Terms and People
•
Wilmot Proviso – 1846 amendment to an
appropriations bill which called for a ban on slavery
in any territory gained from the Mexican-American
War
•
Free-Soil Party – a political party whose members
sought to prevent the expansion of slavery into
western territories
•
Compromise of 1850 – a measure which allowed
California to join the Union as a free state, but left
voters to decide the slavery issue for other territory
acquired from Mexico
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Terms and People
(continued)
•
popular sovereignty – the practice of allowing
voters in a territory to decide the slavery issue
•
Harriet Beecher Stowe – the author of the novel
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a condemnation of slavery
•
Kansas-Nebraska Act – a law that divided the
Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska and
then allowed voters to decide the slavery issue
•
John Brown – an abolitionist who led a midnight
raid on a proslavery settlement in Kansas
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Terms and People
(continued)
•
Dred Scott v. Sandford – a Supreme Court case
which ruled that African Americans were not
citizens and that Congress did not have the power
to ban slavery in any territory
•
Abraham Lincoln – an 1858 Republican Senate
candidate for Illinois Senate who went on to
become President
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How did the issue of slavery divide the
Union?
Differences between the industrial North and
the agricultural South, which had been present
since colonial times, widened in the mid 1800s.
In time, conflict over the issue of slavery led to
the Civil War.
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The question
of slavery in
the West
arose as a
major issue
during the
MexicanAmerican
War.
To prevent the spread of slavery
in the West, the Wilmot
Proviso was added to a bill in
Congress.
An antislavery political
party, the Free-Soil Party,
was formed in 1848.
The Compromise of 1850
allowed California to join the
Union as a free state.
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The Compromise of
1850 allowed people
in territory acquired
from Mexico to vote
on the slavery issue.
The compromise
included the Fugitive
Slave Act, which
required citizens to
help capture runaway
slaves.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe was inspired by her
anger over the Fugitive Slave Act to write
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The novel, a condemnation of slavery, put a
human face on slavery and sold 300,000 copies.
The book was very influential
in increasing antislavery
sentiment.
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Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in
1854.
• The law split the Nebraska Territory into
Nebraska and Kansas and allowed voters to
decide the slavery issue.
• Both proslavery and antislavery settlers moved
to Kansas, and violence erupted.
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Abolitionist John
Brown conducted a
raid on a proslavery
settlement.
The territory came to
be known as
“Bleeding Kansas.”
In opposition to
slavery, the
Republican Party was
created in 1856.
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In 1857, the Dred Scott decision increased
divisions over slavery.
• Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom.
• The Supreme Court ruled against Scott in
Dred Scott v. Sandford.
• The Court declared that African Americans were
not citizens and that Congress did not have the
power to ban slavery in any territory.
Northerners were alarmed.
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In 1858 a new voice
joined the slavery debate.
Abraham Lincoln ran for
Senate against Stephen
Douglas and challenged him
to a series of debates.
Douglas won the Senate
race, but Lincoln gained
national attention.
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Abolitionist John
Brown seized the
federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
in an attempt to ignite
an uprising.
Brown was put on trial
and sentenced to death.
His defense of his actions
made him a martyr to the
antislavery cause.
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