Transcript Expansion of the United States SEC. 4

Expansion of the
United States SEC. 4
Bellwork #4
At the beginning of the meeting the
secretary called roll reads the minutes
and agenda was announced
FROM SEA to SEA
 1800, the U.S. extended from the
Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River.
 1803, President Thomas Jefferson
bought the Louisiana territory form
France. With one stroke, the Louisiana
Purchase virtually doubled the sized of
the nation.
 1850, U.S. included other territories,
such as Florida, Oregon, and Texas.
The Mexican War of 1846 added
California and southwestern territories.
Manifest Destiny
 Americans talked of their “Manifest
Destiny.” The U.S. they said had a clear
right to spread across the continent.
 1867, U.S. bought Alaska form Russia
and in 1898 annexed the Hawaiian
Islands.
 In the 1800s settlers flocked to newly
acquired western lands. The discovery
of gold in California drew floods of
easterners. Still, others headed west in
the spirit of adventure.
Native Americans
 The waves of settlers brought tragedy to
Native Americans.
 Newcomers pushed the Indians off their
land, sometimes by treaty, but more often
by force.
 1830s, the Cherokees and other Indian
nations were forced to leave their homes
in the southeastern United States and
move west of the Mississippi.
Indians
 Some Native Americans nations resisted the
invaders, but they were outgunned and out
numbered. As settlers moved westward, they
destroyed the buffalo herds on which the
Plains Indians depended.
 Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce nation wearily
surrendered to forces of the federal
government in 1877.
 He said, “Our chiefs are killed…. He who led
the young men is dead. It is cold and we have
no blankets; the little children are freezing to
death…. I am tired of fighting. My heart is sick
and sad. From where the sun now stands I will
fight no more forever.”
Expanding Democracy
 1800s, The U.S. had the most liberal suffrage
in the world, but still only white men who
owned property could vote.
 1830s, most white men had the right to vote.
Democracy was far from complete, however.
Women, Native Americans, and free blacks
had no vote. Enslaved African Americans had
no rights at all.
 Calls for Abolition-1800s, a few Americans
denounced slavery and demanded its abolition.
Frederick Douglass, who had himself
escaped slavery, spoke eloquently in the North
about the evils of slavery. William Lloyd
Garrison pressed the antislavery cause
through his newspaper, the liberator.
Civil War and After
 Economic differences , as well as
the slavery issue, drove the North
and South apart. The division
reached a crisis in 1860 when
Abraham Lincoln was elected
president. Lincoln opposed
extending slavery into new
territories.
The Civil War
 Soon after Lincoln’s election, most southern
states seceded from the Union and formed the
Confederate States of America. This action
sparked the Civil War form 1861 to 1865, the
agonizing ordeal divided families as well as a
nation.
 The South had fewer resources, people, and
industry than the North. Still, southerners
fought fiercely to defend their cause. They won
many early victories.
Robert E. Lee and
Ulysses S. Grant
 General Lee was a great Confederate leader
during the Civil War. At one point under
General Lee the south drove northward as far
as Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. In a bloody
three-day battle, but the Union army turned
back the southern advance for good.
 Lincolns most successful general, Ulysses S.
Grant used the massive resources of the North
to launch a full scale offensive against the
South. After devastating losses on both sides,
the Confederacy finally surrendered in 1865.
The struggle cost more than 600,000 lives the
largest casualty figures of any American war.
Challenges for African
Americans
 Lincoln emancipated enslaved African
Americans in the South. After the war, three
amendments to the Constitution banned
slavery throughout the country and granted
political rights to African Americans. The
fifteenth amendment allowed African American
men to vote. Despite these amendments,
African Americans faced many restrictions. In
the South, “Jim Crow” laws imposed
segregation, or legal separation of the races,
in hotels, hospitals, schools and other public
places.
Becoming a World Power
 1900s, the U.S. was the world’s leading
industrial giant.
 In 1898, after the Spanish American War the
United States acquired overseas territories,
including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto
Rico.
 Many Americans wanted to maintain their
tradition of isolationism, or limited
involvement in world affairs.
 1914 United states tried to stay out of the
conflicts of World War I eventually U.S. is
forced to take and even greater role on the
World Stage.