Transcript Lesson 18.1b

Class Notes 18.1b
Write these items on the bottom 12 lines of
NB 39, skipping one line between each.
•
•
•
•
•
•
scalawag –
carpetbagger –
Andrew Johnson –
Edwin Stanton –
Tenure of Office Act –
Results of the impeachment trial –
Write these items on the top 15 lines
of NB 39, skipping four lines
between each.
• The Civil Rights Act of 1866
• The Fourteenth Amendment
• The Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Write a brief paragraph to describe the intent and the
impact of each of the following.
Lesson 18.1: Rebuilding
the Union
Today we will identify the goals of
Radical Republicans and what they
did to bring about Reconstruction.
Vocabulary
• radical – someone with extreme views or
opinions
• civil rights – rights granted to all citizens
• constitution – written plan of government
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What does it mean to be radical?
• Why should governments be based on
constitutions?
What We Already Know
Both Lincoln and Johnson believed that
Reconstruction was the responsibility of
the president.
What We Already Know
Neither president’s Reconstruction plan
would have required the Southern states to
make any significant changes other than to
recognize the freedom of African American
slaves.
What We Already Know
Although the
former slaves
were made free
by the Thirteenth
Amendment,
their everyday
lives had not
changed very
much.
Rebuilding Brings Conflict
• When Congress met in December 1865, many of
the Southern representatives had been
Confederate leaders only months before.
• Congress refused to seat Southern representatives until a committee studied conditions in the
South state by state.
• This let the president know that Congress
planned to play a role in Reconstruction.
The Radical Republicans
• Republicans outnumbered Democrats
in both houses of Congress, and most
were moderates who believed in
limiting the federal government’s
involvement in the states’ affairs.
• The Radical Republicans, however,
wanted the federal government to
remake Southern politics and society.
The Radical Republicans
Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus
Stevens and Massachusetts senator
Charles Sumner demanded full and equal
citizenship for African Americans.
The Radical Republicans
Radical
Republicans
wanted to destroy
the South’s old
ruling class, . . .
The Radical Republicans
. . . and replace
it with small
farms, free
schools,
respect for
labor, and
political
equality for all
citizens.
The Radical Republicans
Urged on by the Radicals, Congress
passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
Declared that all persons born in the United
States (except Native Americans) were
citizens, and all citizens were entitled to
equal rights regardless of their race.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Johnson vetoed the bill –
‘too much power to the
national government.’
• Johnson was opposed to
making African Americans
full citizens, because it
would “. . . operate against
the white race.”
• Congress voted to override
Johnson’s veto.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
5. What changes did Radical
Republicans want to see in the South?
A. Congressional control of the
Reconstruction process
B. Full and equal citizenship for freed
African Americans
C. The transformation of the South into
a place of small farms, free schools,
and political equality
D. Former slaves coming north to buy
farms or to work in factories
Choose all that are true!
6. How did Congress hope the
Civil Rights Act of 1866 would
improve racial equality?
• By establishing the 'separate but equal'
doctrine
• By giving citizenship to all persons born in
the United States, including former slaves
and their descendants
• By banning discrimination in public
accommodations, such as hotels and
restaurants
• By granting all U.S. citizens the right to vote,
regardless of race
The Fourteenth Amendment
• Republicans were not satisfied with
passing laws that ensured equal rights,
because laws could be overturned.
• They wanted equality to be protected by
the Constitution itself.
• To achieve this goal, Congress proposed
the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866.
The Fourteenth Amendment
• All people born in
the United States
were citizens and all
citizens were to be
granted “equal
protection of the
laws.”
• Any state that kept
blacks from voting
would lose
representatives in
Congress.
The Fourteenth Amendment
Johnson refused to
support the
amendment, and all
former Confederate
states except
Tennessee rejected it.
The Fourteenth Amendment
• This rejection outraged
even moderate Republicans, who agreed to
join forces with
Thaddeus Stevens and
the Radicals.
• Together, they passed
the Reconstruction
Acts of 1867.
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867
• Divided the South into five military districts,
each run by an army commander.
• Members of the ruling class before the war
lost their voting rights.
• To reenter the Union, Southern states would
have to approve new state constitutions
that gave the vote to all adult men,
including African Americans.
• Each state would also have to ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
7. What did the Fourteenth
Amendment state?
A. All states must permit African
Americans to vote in statewide
elections.
B. Slavery was abolished in all states
forever.
C. All people born in the United States
were citizens and had equal rights.
D. The "separate but equal" doctrine
could no longer be applied in the
South.
8. What impact did the Reconstruction
Acts of 1867 have on the South?
A. The South was divided into five military
districts, each run by an army commander.
B. Members of the ruling class before the war
lost their voting rights.
C. The Southern Democratic Party was
abolished.
D. Southern states could reenter the Union
after they wrote new state constitutions that
allowed black men to vote.
E. Southern states must ratify the Fourteenth
Amendment.
Choose all that are true!
9. What did the Radical Republicans
require Southern states to do before
they could reenter the Union?
A. Allow all adult men to vote, including
former slaves.
B. Divide plantations up into family-sized
farms for freedmen to buy.
C. Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D. Set up offices of the Freedmen's
Bureau.
Choose all that are true!