Transcript Chapter 3 section 4 notes

Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Objectives
•
Compare the candidates in the election
of 1860, and analyze the results.
•
Analyze why southern states seceded from
the Union.
•
Assess the events that led to the outbreak
of war.
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Terms and People
•
Jefferson Davis – Mississippi senator who became
president of the Confederacy
•
John C. Breckinridge –Southern Democrat
nominated for president in the 1860 election
•
Confederate States of America – formed in
February 1861 by seven states that left the Union
•
Crittenden Compromise – proposed constitutional
amendment allowing slavery in all territories south of
the Missouri Compromise line
•
Fort Sumter – federal fort in Charleston, South
Carolina, where first shots of Civil War were fired
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How did the Union finally collapse into
a civil war?
Disagreement between the North and South
over slavery continued, despite last-minute
attempts such as the Crittenden Compromise.
With the election of Lincoln to the presidency,
the crisis came to a head.
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Secession, and War
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The election of 1860 had four candidates.
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A Democrat, John C. Breckinridge
was from Kentucky.
He believed the federal
government must protect
slavery.
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A Democrat, Stephen A. Douglas was
from Illinois.
He believed popular
sovereignty should decide
the slavery issue when
territories became states.
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A Republican, Abraham Lincoln was
from Illinois.
He believed
slavery should not be
allowed in the
territories.
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Constitutional Unionist John Bell was
from Tennessee.
He believed the
federal government
should support slavery
and defend the Union.
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With no national
candidate
dominating the
campaign,
Lincoln won with
just over half of
the electoral
votes needed
and 40 percent
of the popular
vote.
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The vote for
Abraham Lincoln
was mostly a
vote for
moderation
toward the issue
of slavery and a
vote for the
Union.
However, the
South felt it no
longer had a
voice in the
national
government
and did not see
how it could
remain in the
Union.
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X
South Carolina was the
first southern state to
leave the Union.
At a state convention
held six weeks after
Election Day,
legislators voted
to secede. It was a
unanimous vote.
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Outgoing President Buchanan publicly
condemned South Carolina’s action.
However, he did not use force to prevent it.
Within weeks, six other Southern states
followed South Carolina.
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The states with the largest enslaved populations seceded.
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The constitution of the
Confederate States of America:
•
closely resembled the U.S. Constitution.
•
stressed the independence of each
state.
•
implied that states had the right to
secede.
•
forbid importing new slaves from other
countries.
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Jefferson Davis, former
senator from Mississippi,
became president of the
Confederate States of
America.
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When Lincoln took office:
• he urged peace between the
Confederacy and the Union.
• he decided to try to hold on to
the Union forts the Confederacy
claimed, such as Fort Sumter.
However, Confederate forces attacked and
captured the fort in defiance of Lincoln.
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After
Fort Sumter
fell, Lincoln
declared that
insurrection
existed.
Four more southern
states immediately
joined the
Confederacy.
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A Nation Divided by Civil War
The issue of slavery
had long divided the
nation, even at the
Constitutional
Convention in 1787.
The economic sectional differences in the
mid-1800s also greatly contributed to the
national division.
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Predictions
were the
Civil War
would be
short, but it
lasted for
four terrible
years.
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