Transcript The American Civil War Chapters 16 & 17

The American Civil War
Chapters 16 & 17
1861-1865
What do you think?
• What social, political, and economic trouble might
be likely to occur in a civil war?
• What might happen when a civil war breaks out?
• How might a civil war be worse than other wars?
• How was the South’s situation in the Civil War
similar to the Patriot’s situation in the Revolutionary
War?
Major Players: The North
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Supreme Military
Commander of the Union
Army
• United States General during
the Civil War
• Accepted the surrender of
Robert E. Lee at Appomattox
Courthouse in April 1865.
Major Players: The North
Abraham Lincoln
• From Illinois and was a member of
the Republican Party
• President of the United States
during the Civil War
• Famous speeches included his First
and Second Inaugural Addresses
and the Gettysburg Address.
• Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation in 1863 freeing all
slaves in areas then in rebellion.
• Through his leadership the Union
was preserved and slavery was
abolished after his assassination in
1865.
Major Players: The South
• Jefferson Davis
• From Mississippi
• Served in the US Senate
prior to the Civil War
• Supported Secession
• Became President of the
Confederate States of
America during the
Civil War.
Major Players: The South
• Robert E. Lee
• Fought in the Mexican War
• Commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia
• Supreme Military Commander
of the Confederacy
• Defeated Union troops at the
battles of Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville.
• Lee surrendered to General
Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse in
April 1865.
Complete the following analogy
___________________ was to the Confederacy
as ____________________ was to the Union.
Frame of reference: President
Advantages & Resources:
The North
• A very strong navy and almost all the
shipyards were in the North.
• More factories (about 85% of all factories)
• Larger population (22 million to the South’s
9 million)
Advantages & Resources:
The North
• Booming Economy
• Railroads!!!! Better organized and much
more mileage of track.
• LEADERSHIP OF PRESIDENT
LINCOLN!!!
• He was able to convince Northerners that
democracy depended on preserving the
Union.
Advantages & Resources:
The South
• Knew the land (home-field advantage)
• Were trying to preserve their way of life
(had the HEART… this war meant
everything to them)
• Much better military commanders
• Many were trained at military colleges like
West Point
• Had fought Mexico in the MexicanAmerican War so they were experienced.
Advantages & Resources:
The South
• Was able to fight a defensive war, requiring the Union
to stretch their resources to the limit in order to reach the
Rebels.
• They weren’t trying to concur the North, they just
wanted to be independent.
What do you think?
• Which side had better advantages? Why?
• Based on this evaluation… which side would
you predict would win the war if you didn’t
know the outcome already?????
Major Battles
• Firing on Fort Sumter
• First shots of the Civil War.
• Battle of Bull Run
• First actual battle of the Civil War.
• The South won much to everyone’s
surprise!
• Antietam
• Single bloodiest day during the Civil War
Major Battles, Cont
• Shiloh
• U.S. gained northern part of the Mississippi River,
A.S. Johnston was killed.
• Battle of Vicksburg
• General Grant captured the city of Vicksburg
completing the capture and control of the Mississippi
River and cutting the Confederate States in half.
* 1st Turning Point in the War
Major Battles Cont.
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Turning point of the Civil War in the east. Robert E.
Lee’s invasion of the north was turned back by the
Army of the Potomac in July 1863.
• Appomattox Court House
•
Surrender of Lee to Grant, ended the Civil War.
What do you think?
• Why do you think President Lincoln chose to
re-supply Fort Sumter and risk all-out war
rather than letting the Rebels have control
over it. (pg. 465-466)
Complete the following analogy
________________ was to the Revolutionary
War as _________________ was to the Civil
War.
Frame of reference: First shots fired
Complete the following analogy
________________ was to the Revolutionary
War as _________________ was to the Civil
War.
Frame of reference: Turning point of the war
New inventions used during the war
• Telegraph
• While the telegraph had been around for a little while this was the first
time it had been used by the military.
• Hot Air Balloons
• These were used to spy on troop movements and locations during the
war.
• Ironclads
• Warships covered with iron
• Were a big improvement over wooden ships of the past
• New rifle technology allowed people to shoot further with
more accuracy
• Railroads!!!! They weren’t new but they played a big role in
the war.
What do you think?
• How might the use of the telegraph affect the
outcome of a war?
• Why do you think the military chose to use hot air
balloons? Was this choice beneficial? Why?
• How did changes in weapons and technology affect
the way war was fought?
Strategies of the North
• The Anaconda Plan: Designed
to smother the South’s
economy
• Blockade of the South’s
coastline (use of the Navy)
so no goods or people could
get in or out.
• Take control of the
Mississippi River and split
the Confederacy in two
• This plan’s drawback was
that it would take time
• It worked!
Strategies of the North
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862
• Emancipation Proclamation declared that all slaves in states
currently in rebellion after January 1, 1863 were free
• It DID NOT free slaves in the Border States (only ones in
Confederate Territory)
What do you think?
• Why would Lincoln choose to abolish slavery
only in the areas of rebellion and not where it
existed in the Union?
• Was the Emancipation Proclamation
effective? Why or why not? (pg. 488)
• Why was control of the rivers important for
victory?
Strategies of the North Cont.
• Sherman’s March to the Sea
(total war)
• General William Sherman and
his men marched from
Tennessee, living off of the
land, to the Atlantic Coast of
Georgia.
• The soldiers destroyed
EVERYTHING in their path
(enemy soldiers, entire towns,
crops, livestock,
railroads….everything!)
What do you think?
• Why would Sherman choose to use this type of
strategy?
• Do you think it was fair or unfair? Do we have
the right to do whatever we want to win a war?
• Evaluate how effective you think this sort of
strategy would be in winning a war.
Strategies of the South
• Defensive position only
• They hoped that the North would soon get tired of fighting
and agree to leave them alone.
• King Cotton
• Planned on using their cotton production as leverage in the
war.
• The world needed cotton made in the South so they thought
by withholding cotton to the rest of the world they might get
other nations to help them
• This failed because other nations had A LOT of cotton from
the year before so they didn’t need more.
Strategies of the South Cont.
• Once the South’s other plans didn’t work they
tried to go on the offensive and hurt the North by
wrecking their morale (then maybe they would
get tired of fighting)
Lincoln’s Ideas of Union, Liberty,
Equality, and Government
• First Inaugural Address – Argued passionately for
the preservation of union. Promised he had no
intention of abolishing slavery.
• Second Inaugural Address – Fight for restoration of
peace and the Union. “Malice towards none, with
charity towards all.”
• Gettysburg Address – The country should have a
new birth of freedom. The government of the
people, by the people, and for the people shall be
preserved.
Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln was assassinated on April 15, 1865 by
John Wilkes Booth, a confederate sympathizer
who blamed Lincoln for the South’s looming
defeat in the Civil War, during a play at Ford’s
Theatre in Washington D.C.
Put the following in order
•
•
•
•
•
Passage of the 13th Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation
Election of Lincoln
Missouri Compromise
Dred Scott Decision