Transcript Unit 7 Power Point Presentation (Notes)

Unit 7:
The
Civil War
April 1861
To
April 1865
North vs. South in 1861
Use your notes from the last unit and the textbook pages; (GN 448-452), (CP 413-415)
North
South
Advantages
1
3
Disadvantages
2
4
Comparing the North & the South
Slave vs. Free States
Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
Men Serving in the Civil War
Soldiers’ Occupations:
Immigrant
Population
Percents in
1860
The Union & Confederacy: 1861
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
Richmond, VA
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
Vice
President
Hannibal
Hamlin
(1861-65)
Vice
President
Andrew
Johnson
(1865)
President Abraham Lincoln
I. The Beginning- April 1861
A. Fort Sumter, SC – Union fort, commanded by
Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A.
B. C.S.A. Gen. Beauregard demands that they leave.
C. Lincoln sends supplies to the fort
1. Confederates attack
D. Fort Sumter surrenders after 34 hours of
shelling
1. No casualties, but the war has begun
E. The North will not let the Southern states
secede
1. Four more southern states secede (VA,
NC, AR, TN)
II. The
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
The “Anaconda” Plan
A. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Southern ports and
the Mississippi River
1. No supplies or goods get by
B. Split the South into 2 parts
1. Divide the army and supplies up
C. Capture Richmond, VA
D. Bring the South Back into the Union ASAP
E. Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
III. The
South’s
Civil War
Strategy:
A. Defensive War Plan: Defend the South
1. Only fight when need to
2. Cause as much damage as possible
3. Make the North want to quit
B. Capture Washington, D.C.
C. Gain European support and recognition
D. The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
IV. Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas, VA)
July, 1861
A. First Major Battle
1. 20 miles from Washington
2. Near Bull Run Creek
B. Both sides think the war will only be this battle
1. Both sides fight well, but C.S.A. rallies & U.S.A.
retreats
C. Results – both sides learn that the war will be
long and bloody
V. War in the West: 1862
A. Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for himself
1. Fort Henry, TN: February 1862
a. Navy attacked from the River while the
army moved into position.
2. Fort Donelson, TN: February 1862
a. Naval attack, but forced to retreat
b. Confederate try to escape, driven back
c. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant wins
3. Shiloh, TN: April 1862
a. Gens. Johnston and Beauregard attack
Grant to stop his advance
b. Johnston is killed
c. Union reinforcements turn the battle
B. Results of the War in the West
1. Union took control much of the
Mississippi River
2. Confederates fight hard, and slow
the Union advance
VI. War in the East: 1862
A. The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
On board the Monitor
1. Marked a change in naval warfare
B. Peninsula Campaign – Virginia: March – July
1. Union Gen. McClellan is SLOW to act
a. has 110,000 men
b. waits in place for one month
2. Confederates - led by Robert E. Lee and
Stonewall Jackson
a. much smaller force
b. make the Union retreat after a
series of battles
C. Second Manassas: August, 1862
1. Union heads north to D.C. by sea
2. Rebels follow by land
3. Confederates defeat Union General
Pope
D. Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862
1. Lee decided to invade the North
2. McClellan back in charge: follows
slowly
3. Armies meet MD along the Antietam
Creek
4. Single bloodiest day of war – 23,000
casualties
5. Confederates retreat
6. McClellan does not pursue and
Lincoln fires him again
Burnsides’ Bridge
The Dunker Church
“Bloody Lane”
E. Fredericksburg, VA: December, 1862
1. New Union commander – Ambrose E.
Burnside
2. Confederates outnumbered, but dug
defenses and won
F. The Emancipation
Proclamation:
January 1, 1863
1. Frees those slaves living in the southern states
2. Lincoln CANNOT enforce this law, but now the
war is being fought to save the Union AND end
slavery
VII. A Critical Year: 1863
A. Chancellorsville, VA: May, 1863
1. New Union commander – Joseph Hooker:
very cautious commander
2. Considered Lee’s greatest victory
a. innovative strategy: Split his army
even though he was outnumbered
3. Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot
by his own men – dies
B. Vicksburg, MS: 1863
1. Confederate stronghold on the
Mississippi River
2. Grant in command – city falls after a
three-month siege
3. Confederacy is split & Union controls
entire MS River
C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863
1. New Union commander – George Meade
2. Three day battle, decisive Union victory
a. Day 1 – maneuvering for position
b. Day 2 – Little Round Top ( Joshua L.
Chamberlain & 20th Maine)
c. Day 3 – Pickett’s Charge
3. Casualties – about 45,000
a. Deadliest battle in the war
Gettysburg Casualties
“The Slaughter Pens”
Little Round Top Breast Works
“Devils Den”
Virginia “Jenny”
Wade
“Jenny Wade House”
Killed while caring for her pregnant Sister-in-law and baking bread
for Union soldiers
D. Gettysburg & Vicksburg – turning points
of the Civil War
1. Lee lost 1/3 of his army & never again
mounted a major offensive
2. Union victories convinced Britain and
France NOT to recognize the
Confederacy
3. Peace movement in the North lost its
focus
4. Loss of the MS River helped tighten the
North’s grip on the South
*2’s explain to your partner about the role
that African Americans played in the Union
Army and if you feel their contributions were
important or not.
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col.
Robert Gould Shaw
African-Americans in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Buy Your Way Out of Military
Service
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
A “Pogrom” Against Blacks
Inflation in the South
VIII. Slowly toward the end
A. Union steadily defeats Confederates in
GA and TN
1. Chattanooga, TN falls to Grant
(November 1863)
2. Atlanta, GA captured & burned by
Sherman (late 1864)
3. Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
Sherman’s troops destroying Railroad and Telegraph
Lines
Part of Savannah GA
B. Grant takes over Army of the Potomac
1. war of attrition (total war) – wear
down the enemy, but take heavy losses
2. Wilderness, VA (May 1864) Union
defeat – kept advancing
3. Cold Harbor, VA (June 1864) Union
defeat – kept advancing
4. Petersburg, VA – major railroad center
a. longest siege in American history
began - June 1864
b. July 1864 – Battle of the Crater
c. Confederates abandon Petersburg
– April 1865
Union Pontoon Bridge
Ruins at Petersburg
Inside the Confederate Fortifications
Confederate Trenches
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865
1. Confederates tried to retreat & obtain
supplies along the way
2. Union army follows
3. Richmond, VA falls & CSA army heads
west
a. Davis wants a guerilla war
b. Lee refuses
4. Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox:
April 9,, 1865
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
Casualties on Both Sides
D. Total Casualties: 680,000
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
1. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
Presidential
Box
At
Ford’s Theatre
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED !!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution
Comparisons between Lincoln and Kennedy
Both last names contain 7 letters
Both succeeded by Southerners named
Johnson
Lincoln ran for Congress in 1846 (lost)
Andrew Johnson (Lincoln) born in 1808,
Kennedy ran for Congress in 1946 (won) House of Representatives in 1847
Lincoln (1856) and Kennedy (1956)
failed to win the VP nomination
Lyndon Johnson (Kennedy) born in
1908, House of Representatives in 1947
Lincoln elected president in 1860
Kennedy elected president in 1960
Both assassinated by Southerners, with
3 names and 15 letters total
Lincoln defeated Douglas, born in 1813
Kennedy defeated Nixon, born in 1913
John Wilkes Booth born in 1838,
Lee Harvey Oswald born in 1939
Both concerned with civil rights
Booth ran from a theatre and hid in a
tobacco barn
Both first ladies last children while living
in the White House
Oswald ran from a warehouse and hid in
a theatre
Both were shot on a Friday, in the head,
with their wives present, and fell onto
them
Both assassins were killed before they
stood trial Booth (Boston Corbett)
Oswald (Jack Ruby)
Both assassinations were thought to be part of a larger conspiracy.
Lincoln was shot in Ford’s Theatre, Kennedy was shot in a Lincoln, which was a
car made by Ford.
Lincoln died at age 56, Kennedy died at age 46
Atrocities
of the
Civil War
The Massacre at Fort Pillow, TN
(April 12, 1864)
Nathan Bedford Forrest
(Captured Fort Pillow)
 262 African-Americans
 295 white Union
soldiers.
 Ordered black soldiers
murdered after they
surrendered! [many
white soldiers killed as
well]
 Became the first Grand
Wizard of the Ku Klux
Klan after the war.
Confederate Prison Camp
at Point Lookout, MD
 Planned
to hold 10,000 men.
 Had almost 50,000 at one time.
Point Lookout Memorial
of 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisoners
Union Prison Camp
at Andersonville, GA
Tent City
Original Andersonville Plan
 Planned to hold 10,000 men.
 Had over 32,000 at one time.
Distributing “Rations”
Union “Survivors”
Union Prisoner’s
Record
at
Andersonville
Burying Dead Union POWs
Andersonville Cemetery
Field Ambulance and Crew
Field Hospital
Surgeon’s Kit
Clara Barton
“The Angel of the
Battlefield”
Founder of the American
Redcross