Transcript The First Shots Are Fired

The First Shots
Are Fired
Southern States Secede
• Many Southerners
believed that the
South should
secede, or break
away from the US
– South Carolina was
the first state to
secede
– Alabama, Florida,
Mississippi,
Georgia, Louisiana,
and Texas soon
followed and
formed the
Confederacy
Jefferson Davis
• President of the
Confederacy
during the Civil
War
North and South
• The states that remained loyal to the United
States were called the Union
Fort Sumter
• A fort located in South Carolina that was still
under Union control
– Jefferson Davis sent officers to Fort Sumter to try and
take control of it
Fort Sumter
• Lincoln sent 75,000 soldiers to put down the
Confederate rebellion
– Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
also seceded
Fort Sumter
http://safeshare.tv/w/uhOzgFOKed
Civil War
• The attack on Fort
Sumter officially started
the civil war
– civil war: a war between
people of the same
country
– http://www.history.com/i
nteractives/civil-war150#/home
The Early Stages of the War
Southern Advantages
• Southerners were used to hunting and were
familiar with weapons
• Great military leaders
Northern Advantages
• 90% of the country’s weapons, cloth, shoes,
and iron
• Union had more railroads, canals, and roads to
move weapons
• More money
Union War Strategies
• Blockade:
shutting off of an
area to keep
supplies from
coming in or out
– The Union was
planning to
blockade the
Mississippi River
Union War Strategies
1. Blockade
2. Capture territory
along the
Mississippi River
3. Anaconda Plan –
a plan to squeeze
the Confederacy
from all sides
Confederacy War Strategies
• Confederacy believed that if they just defend
their territory, the North would eventually
give up
– Southerners would fight with more “heart” for
their land and way of life
• Confederacy thought that Britain would help
them
Civil War Battles
• First Battle of Bull
Run
– July 1861
– Union soldiers
eventually retreated
and the Confederacy
won
– Interesting fact:
people thought this
battle would be
“fun” to watch so
many brought picnic
baskets and sat upon
a hill. They quickly
retreated!
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Confederate general
who would not let his
men give up during
the First Battle of Bull
Run
• He told his men to
stand like a “stone
wall.” They did – and
they won the battle.
Civil War Battles
• Battle of Antietam
– September 1862
• The Confederates were
trying to make their way
to Washington D.C.
– Took place in
Sharpsburg, Maryland
– Union won
• After this battle, Britain
stopped helping the
Confederacy
Robert E. Lee
• One of the
Confederacy’s
most capable
generals
– He personally
disapproved of
slavery, but he
fought for Virginia,
his home and his
state
Technology and War
• Rifles, Railroads, Submarines, and Ironclad
ships were used during the war.
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/november/submarine.htm
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln believed that he could save the Union
by making the abolition of slavery the new
goal of the war
– 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
• Emancipate: set free
• Proclamation: a statement
– The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in
Confederate states
The Draft
• As the war continued, volunteers to join the
war decreased
– The Union and the Confederacy both issued drafts
– A draft: requires men of a certain age to serve in
the military
• The draft was unfair – wealthy men could pay to avoid
going to war
Civil War Battles
• The turning point of the
war came during the
Battle of Gettysburg
– Although it was an
important victory for the
Union, many soldiers on
both sides were killed
Civil War Battles
• Battle of Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)
– July 1863
– Union won
Gettysburg Address
• On November 19, 1863, a
ceremony was held to
dedicate a cemetery in
honor of the dead Union
soldiers.
• President Lincoln talked at
the ceremony and gave one
of the most famous
speeches in history!
Pres. Lincoln’s speech was known as the Gettysburg Address.
(audio)
Civil War Battles
• Battle of Vicksburg (Mississippi)
– May, 1863
– Confederates surrendered and the Union won
Ulysses S. Grant
• Top Union
General that
helped win the
Civil War
William Tecumseh Sherman
• Union General who
believed in total
war and went on a
path of destruction
in the South
• He burned
everything from
Atlanta to
Savannah, Georgia.
William Tecumseh Sherman
• Total War: to destroy not just the opposing
army, but the people’s will to fight
Surrender
• On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered his
army in Appomattox Court House, Virginia
The American Civil
War
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