Transcript Civil War SS8H6a UPDATED 1516

Issues Leading to the
Civil War
Standard SS8H6a
Differences in 1800s Economy
NORTH
• Factories
– Produced finished
goods
• Paid workers
SOUTH
• Agriculture
– Produced mainly cotton
• Slaves
States’ Rights
• States’ Rights
– STATES are sovereign (only rules are from Constitution),
and have the RIGHT to ignore laws they feel are
unconstitutional.
• South – favored (supported) states’ rights
• North – opposed (against) states’ rights.
• To ignore laws means to nullify them
– Nullification is to make void or to deprive of value or
effectiveness.
• “If it ain’t in the Constitution, we ain’t gotta do it”
• Georgians were split over the issue.
Nullification
• Southern states had fewer factories and therefore
bought many cheaper manufactured goods from
foreign countries instead of from the north.
• Congress passed tariffs in 1828 & 1832 to force
southern states to trade with them.
– Many southern states opposed these tariffs and
threatened to nullify them and secede from the union
– Secession is to break apart from a group or a body
The Unoccupied West
• After the LOUISIANA PURCHASE, the North &
South argued about how to use unoccupied territory
(land that had not become a state yet) in the West.
• The South wanted to distribute western lands as
cheaply as possible; more agrarian & rural.
• The North wanted to sell the land at a high price;
more industrial & urban.
Slavery Divides The Nation
• As more western territories became states, would they
become free states or slave states?
• After Alabama became a state in 1819 (slave state),
there were an equal number of slave and free states
(11).
– The North was upset.
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
– Congress stated that Missouri would be admitted as a
“slave” state &Maine would be admitted as a “free”. Also,
slavery would be prohibited north of latitude 36 30’.
– Keeps the balance of free & slave states equal
Missouri Compromise
Results of the Mexican-American War
•
President James K. Polk did not
appreciate that the Mexican Army had
killed Americans so he sent the US Army
into Mexico.
•
The US Army was able to defeat the
Mexican Army, and the result was that all
territories north of the Rio Grande River
became ‘Merica.
•
White southerners began moving into
Mexican territory, bringing their slaves.
•
Slavery was not allowed in the territory,
but the Americans refused to follow this
law.
•
General Santa Ana and his troops tried
to “convince” the settlers to leave and
this resulted in a battle at the Alamo.
Compromise of 1850
After the US gained the former Mexican territories, Congress had to
determine how the land would be distributed.
Congress decided:
• California would be admitted to the Union as a free state
• The territories of New Mexico & Utah would be allowed to
choose whether they wanted to be a slave or free state
(STATES RIGHTS)
– Both states voted (POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY) to become slave states
• Congress would pass a law (Fugitive Slave Act) stating
that runaway slaves would be returned to their owner
•
Georgia Platform
• Many Georgian’s were not happy with
Compromise of 1850
• The Georgia Platform was a statement that
urged citizens to accept it to preserve the
Union
– Howell Cobb, Alexander Stephens & Robert Toombs
• States’ Rights party formed
– protest accepting any compromise until Congress
agrees to protect slavery & state’s rights
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• 1854, Stephen Douglas
(Illinois) got the KansasNebraska Act passed
• Created territories of
Kansas & Nebraska
• Each state could decide to
be Free or Slave state
• This changes the Missouri
Compromise the North is
angered
• Kansas = Slave state
• Nebraska = Free state
• Bloody Fighting breaks out
between “Free Soilers” &
Pro-slavery people
– “Bleeding Kansas”
• Congress accepts
Nebraska as a (free) state
but denies statehood to
Kansas (slave state)
– Southern states realize
Northern votes can keep
slave states from the Union
Dred Scott Case
• The case went to the
Supreme Ct.
• The Court said:
• Dred Scott was born into
slavery in Missouri
– He went on a trip with his
owner took him to Illinois (f)
then to Wisconsin (f)
1. Scott could not sue
b/c he was a slave
and slaves were not
citizens
2. Congress could not
stop slavery in states
• This issue further
• After returning from the trip,
divides North & South
his owner died.
• Scott sued his owner’s wife
for his freedom
Election of 1860
• 4 Candidates emerged
– New Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln
– Democrats
• Northern Dems support
Stephen Douglas
• Southern Dems support
John Breckenridge
– Constitutional Union
Party
• Abraham Lincoln
– Against slavery, but will not
try to remove it from south
– Supports protective tariff
– Wants to give free land in
the west to settlers
– Supports building the
Transcontinental Railroad
with one end in the north
and the other out west.
• John Bell of Kentucky
• To the South, the
Republicans & Lincoln
appear to be against
everything the south
wants
Election of 1860 – Lincoln, Douglas,
Breckenridge & Bell
Election Results 1860
• http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.ph
p?year=1860
Debate over GA secession &
Alexander Stephens
• Immediately after
Lincoln’s election,
Georgians began to
discuss secession
– Most Georgians
support the Union, but
more strongly support
State’s Rights
• Alexander Stephens
argues strongly
against secession
• Gov. Joe Brown,
Robert Toombs &
Thomas Cobb
strongly support
secession and
outweigh Stephens’
pleas
The Union Breaks
• South Carolina secedes
in Dec. 1860
• Confederate States of
America formed, Feb.
4, 1861
• Georgia secedes in Jan.
1861
– Jefferson Davis
(Mississippi) elected
President
– Alexander Stephens
elected Vice President
• Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana
and Texas all secede by
Feb. 1861
• against secession now
VP?!?!
– Robert Toombs
named Secretary of
State
United States no longer…