Transcript Reconstruction in Texas

Ch. 12.4:
Reconstruction in Texas
Reconstruction
1. Def.:
the federal government’s plan to
restore the South to the Union
after the Civil War
Presidential Reconstruction
2.
Lincoln’s plan –
he wanted to
reunited the
country as quickly
as possible
Presidential Reconstruction
3.
with Lincoln’s
death, it was up
to Johnson to
make it work
Reconstruction
4. Conditions southern states would have
to meet:
a. Confederate states had to
set up temporary governments
1 of 3
Reconstruction
4. Conditions southern states would have
to meet:
b. had to
end slavery
and declare
secession illegal
2 of 3
Reconstruction
4. Conditions southern states would have
to meet:
c. all adult white males had to take an
oath of loyalty to the U.S.
3 of 3
Reconstruction
5.
Andrew J. Hamilton
(a former U.S. Congressman
from Texas) was named
provisional governor of Texas
– he would run Texas until a
new constitution could be
written and approved and a
new government could be
elected
Constitution of 1866
6. delegates accepted most of President
Johnson’s terms:
a. they
ended slavery
and declared
secession illegal
1 of 2
Constitution of 1866
6. delegates accepted most of President
Johnson’s terms:
b. African Americans
received some rights –
but
not the right to vote or hold
public office
1 of 2
Reconstruction
7. June, 1866:
Texans accepted the new constitution and
elected a new government, including
James Throckmorton
as governor
Black Codes
8. Def.:
laws passed by state legislatures
to control African Americans
Black Codes
9. Examples:
prevented African Americans from
serving on juries and from holding
public office;
African Americans would also face
arrest if they were not working
Freedmen’s Bureau
10. established by the
federal government to help
newly freed slaves, known as
freedmen
Freedmen’s Bureau
11.
its job was to
protect freedmen from violence
and black codes;
provide food and health care;
and
1 of 2
Freedmen’s Bureau
11.
help adults
obtain jobs
and set up
schools for their children
2 of 2
Freedmen’s Bureau
12. it was closed in 1868
Congress’ reaction
13. Republicans thought Presidential
Reconstruction was
too lenient or easy on the South –
they did
not approve of voters electing
Confederate leaders
to high office
Congress’ reaction
14. they disliked the fact that many
southern states, including Texas, did
not approve the 13th and 14th
amendments to the U.S. Constitution
1 of 4
Congress’ reaction
14.
a. amendments:
a formal change
2 of 4
Congress’ reaction
14.
b. 13th amendment:
banned slavery
3 of 4
Congress’ reaction
14.
c. 14th amendment:
made all African Americans U.S.
citizens
4 of 4
congressional reconstruction
15. Congress passed its plan in 1867
congressional reconstruction
16.
removed
current elected officials
and
1 of 3
congressional reconstruction
16.
placed South states under the
control of the army
2 of 3
congressional reconstruction
16.
General Philip H. Sheridan
was put in charge of Texas
3 of 3
congressional reconstruction
17.
the army would control the southern
states until they passed a new constitution
that would give
African Americans the right to
vote and hold office
congressional reconstruction
18.
ironclad oath
all adult white males had to swear that
they had never voluntarily supported the
Confederacy in order to vote or hold office
(women could not vote)
congressional reconstruction
18.
ironclad oath
all adult white males had to sear that they
had never voluntarily supported the
Confederacy in order to vote or hold office
(women could not vote)
congressional reconstruction
19.
also known as
Radical Reconstruction
congressional reconstruction
20.
carpetbaggers:
men from the North who came South
after the Civil War to take advantage of
the political and economic problems there
congressional reconstruction
21.
scalaways
white southerners who supported
Congressional Reconstruction
Convention of 1868
22.
split into two groups:
1 of 5
Convention of 1868
22.
a. Radical Republicans:
wanted
radical or major changes;
led by
2 of 5
Convention of 1868
22.
a.
Edmund J. Davis;
wanted
Union supporters
to rule Texas
3 of 5
Convention of 1868
22.
b. Moderate Republicans:
wanted
moderate or less extreme changes;
led by
4 of 5
Convention of 1868
22.
b.
Andrew J. Hamilton;
wanted
Confederates to
take part
in ruling Texas
5 of 5
Constitution of 1868
23.
organized Texas along the lines of most
Northern states giving Texas a
strong central government
(in the past, Texas had a weak government in
Austin)
Constitution of 1868
24.
African Americans
and
former Confederates
had the right to vote
Constitution of 1868
25.
governor gained new powers to
appoint judges and other officials
Constitution of 1868
26.
for the first time, all children were
required to go to school
Constitution of 1868
27.
tax money was provided to
build schools
Constitution of 1868
28.
the constitution was approved
and
Edmund J. Davis
was elected governor
Constitution of 1868
29.
March 30, 1870:
Texas was readmitted to the Union
The End of Reconstruction
Gov. Davis
30.
critics:
Davis created a state police force that he used
to arrest his opponents, postponed elections,
and raised taxes
Gov. Davis
31.
the state police force was used to capture
outlaws; taxes were used to build roads and
schools, and help defend the frontier
(he did postponed elections)
Gov. Davis
32.
encouraged more people to settle in Texas –
a new
homestead law
gave settlers 150 acres for free if they stayed
on the land for three years
Gov. Davis
33.
1872: Davis’ opponents were elected to the
state legislature and started to reduce the
governor’s power
Gov. Davis
34.
1873: Davis lost re-election to
Richard Coke,
a former Confederate
officer
Gov. Davis
35.
Davis refused to accept his defeat and asked
President Grant to send federal troops to
Texas to keep him in office – Grant refused
Economic changes
36.
by the end of Reconstruction Texans
raised more cotton than before
production of
wheat and corn also increased
Economic changes
37.
Reason for increase:
the number of settlers moving west
and the
expansion of railroads
Economic changes
38.
Texans also began to
develop more industries
Economic changes
39.
the state’s overall economy, however, still
remained as it had been before the war:
rural
(more people living in the country, not in the city)
and
agriculture
Sharecropper system
40.
Under the sharecropper system,
1 of 3
Sharecropper system
40.
a. landowners provided the
farm land, tools, and seeds
b. sharecroppers (farmers)
worked the land
2 of 3
Sharecropper system
40.
c. sharecroppers
gave half of the value of their crops to
the landowner in payment
3 of 3
new people in Texas
41.
much of the South had suffered destruction
during the Civil War
1 of 2
new people in Texas
42.
war damage and lack of jobs
led many people to move west
2 of 2
constitution of 1876
43.
reason for writing a new constitution:
since the days of Spanish rule, Texans had
not trusted a strong central
government
this led them to resent the Constitution of 1869
constitution of 1876
44. the Constitution of 1876
cut the governor’s power to appoint officials,
limited elected leaders to two year terms;
all males, including African Americans, had the
right to vote
(women, Native Americans could not)
constitution of 1876
45.
this constitution is the one we operate under
today – it is very detailed and required citizens to
vote on any changes
constitution of 1876
46.
Texas has one of the
weakest governors
of any state
reconstruction ends
47.
Presidential election of 1876:
both the Republicans and the Democrats claimed
to have won the election
reconstruction ends
48.
the two parties cut a deal:
the Republican candidate became president
and
Reconstruction in the South came to an end