Transcript WAR - San Pasqual Union School District

“WAR”
Theme of the American
Novel
Major Military Conflicts in U.S. History
• American Revolution (1775 – 1783) Great Britain
forced its 13 American colonies to pay taxes but did not give
them representation in the British Parliament.
• War of 1812 (1812 – 1815) British interference with
American trade, impressment of American seamen, and
“war hawks” in Congress calling for western expansion into
British territory led to war.
• Mexican-American War (1846 - 1848) The U.S.
annexation of Texas, and its stated desire to acquire
California and other Mexican territory, precipitated this war.
• Civil War (1861 - 1865) Economic and political rivalry
between an agrarian South and an industrial North grew
into a civil war fought over slavery and states' rights.
• Spanish American War (1898) The U.S. supported
Cuba's desire for independence from Spanish rule, and
seized the opportunity to expand U.S. powers in other parts
of the world.
The Two World Wars
• World War I (1914 – 1918) Rivalries
over power, territory, and wealth led to the
“Great War.” In 1917, the U.S. joined the
Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and
Japan), who were at war with the Central
Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria, and Turkey), after German
submarines began sinking unarmed ships.
• World War II (1939 - 1945) The Axis
powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—
attempted to dominate the world. The Allies
(U.S., Britain, France, USSR, and others)
fought to stop them.
Wars of the Late 1900s
• Korean War (1950 – 1953) Communist
North Korea, supported by China, invaded noncommunist South Korea. The Korean War was
the first armed conflict in the global struggle
between democracy and communism, called the
cold war.
• Vietnam War (1961 – 1973) In 1955,
communist North Vietnam invaded noncommunist South Vietnam in an attempt to unify
the country and impose communist rule.
• Gulf War (1991) Iraq invaded Kuwait, and a
U.S.-led multinational force came to Kuwait's aid
and expelled Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's
forces.
Wars of the 21st Century
• Afghanistan (2001 - ) The Taliban government
harbored Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda
terrorist group, responsible for the Sept. 11, 2001,
attacks on the United States. After Afghanistan
refused to turn over Bin Laden, the U.S. and UN
coalition forces invaded.
• Iraq War (2003 - ) The U.S. and Great Britain
invaded and toppled the government of dictator
Saddam Hussein. Troops remain in Iraq to combat
the insurgency that formed after Hussein's defeat.
War Statistics – Department of
Veteran Affairs November 2008
• American Revolution
Total Servicemembers……………..217,000
Battle Deaths ………………………… 4,435
Non-mortal Woundings……………… 6,188
• Civil War
Total Servicemembers……..3,263,363,000
Battle/In Theatre Deaths…………..498,332
Non-mortal Woundings…………….281,881
WHAT MIGHT ACCOUNT FOR
SUCH A BIG DISCREPANCY IN
THE NUMBER OF DEATHS IN
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR VS.
THE CIVIL WAR? Remember….
• Revolutionary War ….. 4,435
• Civil War …………... 498,332
The Impact of War Who/What Would These Include?
Are They Positive, Negative or Both?
WHY?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Military Soldiers
Civilians
Society
Culture/Heritage
Government
Economy
Trade
Health
Environment/Ecology
WAR IS…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
BLOODSHED
COMRADERIE
DEATH
DESTRUCTIVE
ECONOMICAL
FUTILE
GLORY
HISTORY
HORROR
HUMAN NATURE
INSTINCTIVE
NECESSARY
PAIN
PATRIOTIC
POLITICAL
TRIUMPHANT
UNNECESSARY
War Quotes from Novels
“War is always, in all ways, appalling.”
- from Soldier’s Heart, Gary Paulsen
“If it were left up to the men who did the killing and dying
there would be no war.”
- from Soldier’s Heart, Gary Paulsen
“It would be impossible for him to escape from the regiment.
It enclosed him….He was in a moving box.”
- from The Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane
“The reason at the bottom of all the wars in the history of
human life—is power. It’s like a drug. Some men can’t get
enough of it.”
from Under the Blood-Red Sun, Graham Salisbury
Novels for Literature Circles
My Brother Sam is Dead,
by James
Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier
Setting: Redding, Connecticut during the American
Revolutionary War
“All his life, Tim Meeker has looked up to his brother Sam.
Sam's smart and brave -- and is now a part of the
American Revolution. Not everyone in town wants to be a
part of the rebellion. Most are supporters of the British -including Tim and Sam's father. With the war soon
raging, Tim knows he'll have to make a choice -- between
the Revolutionaries and the Redcoats . . . and between
his brother and his father.”
Johnny Tremain, by Esther Forbes
Setting: Boston, Massachusetts during the American
Revolutionary War.
“Johnny, a young apprentice silversmith, is caught up
In a dramatic involvement with Otis, Hancock, and
John and Samuel Adams in the exciting currents and
undercurrents that were to lead to the Boston Tea
Party and the Battle of Lexington.”
Across Five Aprils, Irene Hunt
Setting: Illinois farm during the Civil War
“Jethro Creighton is nine years old in April of
1861, when military forces of the Southern
states fire on Union forces at Fort Sumter.
The Creighton family is close-knit, but the
war divides the home, just as it does the
union of the states, with brothers choosing
to fight on different sides.”
The Red Badge of Courage, by
Stephen Crane
Setting: During the Civil War
“A young farm boy, Henry, enlists in the
Union Army during the Civil War, with
romanticized visions of battle. During
his enlistment he questions his character
and fears he will run at the first sound of
gunfire.”
Literature Circle Book Choices
•
•
•
•
My Brother Sam is Dead
Johnny Tremain
Across Five Aprils
The Red Badge of Courage