Transcript Scribed Notes: Available at completion of chapter

The Civil War
“A nation divided can not stand.”
The Coming of War
 1850 slavery really came




into focus
North questioned the
morality of slavery
1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin –
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Depicted the horrors of
slavery
“so this is the little lady who
started the big war.” Lincoln
Southern Society
 The South considered slaves property
 They believed that the North was getting rich
off cheap labor
 Invention’s of the time helped contribute to
separation
 Cotton Gin in south
 Railroad and Telegrams in the north
North vs. South
 Population 21.5 Million
 Population 9 Million
 Railroad mileage 21.7
 Railroad mileage 9
thousand miles
 Factories 110 thousand
 Bank Deposits 207
million dollars
thousand
 Factories 20 thousand
 Bank Deposits 47
million dollars
Compromise of 1850
 Main men behind the compromise was Clay,





Calhoun, Daniel Webster
California would come in as a free state
New Mexico and Utah would decide by popular
sovereignty
Congress abolished sale of enslaved people in
Washington D.C.
Slavery would remain legal in D.C.
Fugitive Slave Act passed (victory for south)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Both states were ready for statehood, however they




were both above the Missouri compromise line
Senator Steven Douglas from Illinois wanted to run
for President
To do this he needed southern votes
Wanted to build railroads through Kansas and
Nebraska to improve city of Chicago
Proposed that the two states would determine their
own statues by popular sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas
 John Brown,
evangelical believed he
was sent by God to end
slavery
 Killed five men (proslavery) outside their
homes
 Began the summer of
violence “bleeding
Kansas”
Dred Scott v. Sandford
 Virginia Slave taken to
a free state
 Supreme court ruled
Scott was property
 African American’s were
not citizens of the
United States
Lincoln – Douglas Debates
1858
Steven Douglas
 “little giant”
 Main man behind the
Kansas-Nebraska act
 Debated Lincoln in a
series of 7 debates
 Issue Popular
Sovereignty
 Won the election for
Illinois senate
Abraham Lincoln
 New face of the
Republican party
 Against the spread of
slavery
 Did not believe in the
equality of blacks
 “A house divided
against itself can not
stand.”
Harper’s Ferry VA
 John Brown raid the fort
 Weapons depot
 Planned on stealing the
weapons and giving them to
the slaves
 Fort was protected by Robert
E. Lee
 Captured and killed for
Treason against the United
States
The War Starts
 South Carolina secedes from the Union and
six other states follow
 (FL, MS, Al, GA, LA, TX)
 Jefferson Davis is elected president of
Confederate States of America
 Lincoln refuses to recognize the CSA,
declares the south in a state of rebellion
Fort Sumter
 Lincoln knew he could not abandon the fort
 Also knew he could not make a move that looked like
an act of aggression
 Decided to sent food and supplies to the fort, no arms
or weapons
 Jefferson Davis ordered his generals to take the fort,
by force if necessary
 Event sparks unity in the north large numbers of men
volunteered for the army
Virginia
 April 17th Virginia leaves the Union
 Largest in population
 Geographically close to the north
 Navy Yard, harbors, forts, Iron deposits
 Robert E. Lee
 US tradition, 7 presidents came from this state
 Once VA left others like AR, NC, TN left the Union
number was up to 11
Border States
 Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri all
slave states remained in the Union
 Virginia was split, western territory was antislavery
 The State of West Virginia was formed
Tale of the Tape
 21 Million People
 9 Million People
 4 million military eligible  1 million military eligible
 Naval production 25-1
 Iron production 15-1
 Firearm production
32-1
Northern Strategy
 1. Blockade
Southern ports: do
not allow imports or
exports
 2. Control the
Mississippi: cut the
south in two
 3. Capture the
capitol of Richmond
 “Anaconda Plan”
Southern Strategy
 Protect the home front
 War of attrition, continuously try to push
back the north
 North had too many resources, and
supplies, south could not hold them off
Monitor vs. Merrimac
 South tried to break the
blockade
 Iron steam ships
 First time Iron ships
played a big role in war
Bull Run
 Union Army tried to take Richmond
 Met at Bull Run 25 miles outside of Washington




D.C.
Greatly experienced Union Army met the
Confederates
General Thomas J. Jackson of South held off the
Union army
“Stonewall Jackson”
Huge victory for the south, “secure their
Independence.”
Ulysses S. Grant
 Mexican War hero
 Lead the western campaign
 First major battle was at




Shiloh, Tenn
Huge victory for the North
Major loss for America
13,000 Union
11,000 Confederates
Robert E. Lee
 First major battle was




at Antietam
Military draw
Lee pulled back to
Richmond
5000 dead
19,000 wounded
Emancipation Proclamation
 Lincoln knew slavery was legal under the





constitution
War was going badly for the north
Congress was pressuring Lincoln to punish the
south
What could Lincoln do to punish the south
Free the slaves
North had no power to enforce it, however it
increased the number of African Americans in
military
Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
 Lee and Jackson demoralize the North,
major victories for the south
 Gave the South confidence to invade the
North
 Lee wanted Harrisburg PA
Gettysburg
 Greatest battle ever fought in western
hemisphere
 Lasted three days Lee vs. Meade
 Union won a decisive victory, Lee’s troops
were badly weakened
 Turning point of the war, South could
never again mount an offensive
Siege at Vicksburg
 Around the same time as Gettysburg Grant
was winning in the south
 Took Vicksburg and control of the
Mississippi
 Grant could now take his troops and move
north to finish off Lee in Richmond
 Grant would lose 60,000 men (more than
Lee’s entire army) to take the capitol
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 William Sherman and




100,000 troops began an
invasion of total war
Marched from Vicksburg
area, trough Atlanta to the
Atlantic
Burning everything in the
path
Fields, homes, churches,
anything in the way
Completely demoralized the
south
Election of 1864
 Lincoln needed to do something




to gain support in south
Chose Andrew Johnson a
Southern Democrat as his
running mate
Democrats nominated George
McClellan the general Lincoln
fired
Lincoln was elected for second
term
Congressed passed the 13th
Amendment ending slavery
Appomattox
 Lee Surrendered
 Appomattox Court
house
 VA
 Allowed the
Confederate soldiers
to go home
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Union
Confederacy
Total
KIA
Disease
POW
Wounded
112,000
405,000
54,000
58,000
4,000
620,000
Korea
WWII
WWI
Vietnam
Rev. War
Civil War
Other Impacts
 Homestead Act of 1862, gave free land in
new territory if you build farm on it
 Clara Barton, woman field nurse,
Elizabeth Blackwell first female Dr.
 Greenbacks- 400 million dollars printed to
pay for war, paper money had no gold
backing
“War is hell”



Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a
new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great
battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a
final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can
not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,
have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will
little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for
which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve
that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall
have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the
people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
 On June 1, 1865, Senator Charles Sumner
commented on what is now considered the
most famous speech by President Abraham
Lincoln. In his eulogy on the slain president,
he called it a "monumental act." He said
Lincoln was mistaken that "the world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here."
Rather, the Bostonian remarked, "The world
noted at once what he said, and will never
cease to remember it. The battle itself was
less important than the speech."