Transcript 18 powerpoint-Reconstruction

Reconstruction
Reconstruction
Refers to the postCivil War
policies of the
U.S. government
toward the
former
Confederate
states of the
South.
Two Phases of
Reconstruction
1. Presidential
Reconstruction:
Lincoln and
Johnson tried
to reunite the
North and
South in a
lenient manner.
2. Congressional
Reconstruction:
Congress takes
power and
overrides vetoes
to make sure that
the former
Confederates are
punished and
rights are given
to former slaves.
th
13
Amendment
• Amendment to the
Constitution that
abolished slavery.(1865)
• Pushed through the
Congress with the help of
the many republicans who
favored this bill
Slavery was abolished in all states and
territories in the United States
Assassination of Abraham
Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated
in Washington, D.C. only five
days after
Confederate general
Robert E. Lee surrendered
his troops at
Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Assassination of
Lincoln
• John Wilkes Booth
shot Lincoln at
Ford’s Theatre
• Booth was killed
as he fled. His
conspirators were
tried and hanged
for the
assassination.
President Andrew Johnson
Being Lincoln’s
Vice President,
Andrew Johnson
becomes
President of the
United States after
Lincoln dies
Reconstruction
• Time period following the Civil War
which lasted from 1865-1877.
• Radical Republicans –
representatives in congress that
wanted to destroy the political
power of former slaveholders.
They wanted to give African
Americans the citizenship and
right to vote.
Thaddeus Stevens
• Leader of
the Radical
Republicans
Johnson’s Reconstruction
View
• Changed from Lincoln’s policy of
letting the succeeded states vote to
see if they would voluntarily rejoin the
Union after the war. If 10% would
agree, they could join again.
• 4 of the 11 states had done this under
Lincoln.
• The remaining 7 states could join
under Johnson’s conditions.
Johnson’s Reconstruction
View
• Johnson’s Conditions:
–Each state had to declare that its
secession was illegal
–Each state had to swear allegiance
to the Union
–Each state had to ratify the
thirteenth Amendment
Radical Republicans React
• Johnson’s policies did not punish the
former Southern Confederates enough
to satisfy the Radical Republicans.
• Radical Republicans passed legislation
to strengthen the “Freedman’s
Bureau”, which gave former slaves and
poor whites (of the former
confederacy) food, clothing, hospitals,
and schools.
Black Codes
Restrictive laws
that Southern
states adopted
after the Civil
War to regulate
the freedom and
movement of
former slaves.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866
over the veto of President Andrew
Johnson. The act declared that all
persons born in the United States were
now citizens, without regard to race,
color, or previous condition. This set the
groundwork, and eventual ratification, of
the 14th Amendment.
th
14
Amendment
• “all persons born or
naturalized in the U.S.
are citizens of the
country.”
• This amendment did
not specify that
African Americans
could vote
• Not all Southern
States ratified this.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
• Divided all succeeded states (but
Tennessee) into 5 Military Districts
• Each military district was headed by a
Union General
• Each state had to ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment
• Each state had to draw up new
constitutions with the addition of
allowing African Americans the right
to vote.
Impeached
To charge, or
impeach, and
convict the
president, the
vice president,
or any other
civil officers of
misconduct in
office.
Johnson Impeached
• Congress adopted the Tenure of Office
Act of 1867, which denied the president
authority to fire key members of his
administration without Senate
approval.
• Johnson tested that act when he
attempted to replace Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton, a Radical
Republican holdover from Lincoln's
administration.
Impeachment
The House of
Representatives to
adopt 11
impeachment
charges against
him, most of which
focused on the
firing of Stanton
Johnson cleared of charges
Senate fell one
vote shy of
the two-thirds
majority
needed for
conviction
U.S. Grant Elected
President, 1868
• Democrats did not
nominate Johnson
for the next
presidency. They
put in Horatio
Seymour as their
candidate.
• Radical Republicans
put in war hero U.S.
Grant.
Fifteenth Amendment
• No one can be
kept from voting
because of “race,
color, or previous
condition of
servitude”
• Ratified by the
states in 1870.
Amendment Review
•
th
13
Amendment
–Freedom
• 14th Amendment
–Citizenship
• 15th Amendment
–Vote
Reconstruction Society
Blacks in Reconstruction
Hiram Revels
• From 1865 to 1877
African Americans
were involved in
politics at all
levels.
• Revels, was the
first African
American Senator.
(Mississippi)
Carpetbagger
Men from the North
who traveled to the
South after the Civil
War to take
advantage of the
new political,
social, and
economic
conditions in the
former states of the
defeated
Confederacy.
Scalawag
Term that
Southerners applied
to fellow
Southerners who
joined the
Republican Party or
associated with
carpetbaggers
during
Reconstruction. Rhett Butler from the movie Gone with the
Wind was considered a Scalawag by
Some.
Sharecropping
• Landowners divide
their land and gave
each worker a few
acres along with seed
and tools.
• When crops are
harvested each
workers gave a share
of his crop to the
landowner.
• This is what the
majority of poor whites
and blacks did
Tenant Farming
• Rent land for
cash
• Had their own
tools and
equipment
• Eventually moved
up the ladder and
became owners
of land
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan- began
in December 1865,
when a group of
former Confederate
soldiers in
Tennessee joined
together in an effort
to keep newly freed
and enfranchised
African Americans
from voting.
Ku Klux Klan
• Vigilante group
that whipped,
tortured, and
murdered
former slaves in
an attempt to
restore white
supremacy.
Scandals In U.S. Grant’s Second
Term
• Several Fraud and
Bribery Scandals
and a economic
Panic in 1873
negatively effected
Grant’s second term
in office.
• This also weakened
the Republican
Party’s hold on
Congress
Democrats “Redeem” the
South
Democrats gain control of the
South as a result of the
changes in Government.
Election of 1876
• Rutherford B. Hayes runs
as Republican candidate
for President and wins in
1876 by a slim margin.
• Hayes made a compromise
with Democrats in the
Senate that he would
remove Federal Troops
from the south and build
new railroads for sections
of the South. Ultimately
ending Reconstruction.
Home Rule
The ability to run state
governments without
federal intervention.
Morehouse College
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tumNO_
lXovs
Brother Where Art Thou
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLvcrsbl
iOo
Black Codes of Thomas County
• http://freedmensbureau.com/georgia/gaou
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