Transcript North and South

Ch 20 PPT
Girding for War: The North and
the South
TMWK CH 20
Pg 437 Which 7 states seceded
first?
2. Pg 437 Which states are considered
“border states?” Are “border states”
similar to Northern or Southern
states?
3. Pg 439 Discuss the “new machine of
destruction” which made the Civil
War the first mechanized war.
1.
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S. Carolina attacks Fort
Sumter
South
seized US arsenals, mints, public property.
Lincoln sent word: provisions would be sent to Fort
Sumter.
April 12, 1861 – South fired cannons on Fort Sumter.
34 hrs = Fort Sumter surrendered to South.
Lincoln calls states to send militiamen and set up
blockade of Southern sea ports.
Richmond, VA: the capital for the Confederacy.
South Carolina Assails Fort
Sumter
 Photo of Fort
Sumter, in
Charleston
harbor
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Beginning of Civil War
South attacked the union naval force that were sent.
 April 12,1861 Fort Sumter surrendered.
 April 15, 1861 Lincoln called for 75,000 men for war.
 April 19 and 27 - Lincoln made blockade of
Southern seaports.
 Apr – June 1861: Virginia, Arkansas, N. Carolina,
and Tennessee joined the 7 southern states
becoming eleven.
 ***If North fired the 1st shot, then Border States
would have seceded and South may have won
the war.
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Border Slave States
Crucial Border States stayed with Union: Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware, W. Virginia – these had slaves
At onset of war, Lincoln declared: he wasn’t fighting to free
Blacks, but to save the Union.
Maryland: Lincoln declared martial law - sent in Union troops
to W. Virginia and Missouri.
“Indian Territory” – Most of the 5 Civilized tribes (some owned
slaves) sided with Confederacy.
Confederate Govt agreed to take over federal payments to the
tribes and allowed delegates to the Confederate Congress.
Tribes supplied troops to the Confederate Army.
“Mountain Whites” of South: Sided with Union -sent 50,000
men to North and loyal slave states sent 300,000 soldiers.
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Southern Advantages
Could fight defensively,
Didn’t have to “win”, but fight to a draw; fighting on
their own soil, for preservation of their way of life
gave higher morale
Had most talented officers: Robert E. Lee &
Stonewall Jackson
Southerners used to managing horses and bearing
arms so made better cavalrymen and soldiers.
Southern Disadvantages: Lack of war
supplies due to scarcity of factories, weak
economy, less manpower
TMWK
4. Pg 442 Which 2 areas had the largest
number of manufacturing sites? And which
area had the least?
5. Pg 442 Which 2 areas had the highest
average number of laborers?
6. Pg. 443 In 1860, which country had the
highest number of immigrants to the U.S.? In
1866?
Northern Advantages
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Had 3/4 of nation’s wealth and many factories
Had 3/4 of the miles of railroads
Controlled the sea: set blockades with their
superior navy, able to get supplies from Europe
Greater manpower (immigrants)
Border States on their side
Northern Disadvantages: Less prepared for military
life, incompetent officers
The Southern Generals
Robert E. Lee
Thomas J.
“Stonewall” Jackson
Northern
UlyssesGeneral
S. Grant
Dethroning King Cotton
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Large exports of cotton had piled up in British
warehouses before war (1857-1860)
Union armies captured or bought cotton and
shipped it to Britain.
Other countries: Egypt and India shipped cotton to
Britain
North had good crops of grain: Britain needed grain
so didn’t want to break from North.
Southern economy hurt by blockade
Income dropped
Transportation collapsed
TMWK
7. Pg 444 Is the political cartoon for or against
something? Explain
8. Pg 448 What occurred in New York in 1863?
9. Chart Pg 448 In January 1865, who had
more soldiers – the North or the South? From
July 1861 through Jan 1865, did the South
ever have more soldiers than the North?
Foreign Diplomacy During War
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1861 Trent Affair: Union warship north of Cuba stopped
British mail steamer, the Trent – removed 2 Confederate
diplomats going to Europe. Lincoln released them
reluctantly, but wisely.
Britain built Confederate commerce-raiders i.e. the
Alabama left Britain unarmed and picked up weapons in
the Azores. Alabama flew the Confederate flag and had
Confederate officers, but was manned by Britons. This
“British pirate” ship captured over 60 vessels. (A Union
cruiser destroyed the Alabama.)
Overall: Confederate commerce-destroyers (mostly British
built) captured more than 250 Yankee ships, crippling the
American merchant marine.
Other Foreign Flare-Ups
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Laird rams – 2 Confederate warships built in Britain.
Designed to destroy wooden ships of the Union navy they had iron rams and large-caliber guns.
North warned the British that “this is war” so British
decided to buy the ships for the British Navy.
1872: British paid Americans $15.5 million for
damages caused by the wartime commerce-raiders.
Pres. Davis vs. Pres. Lincoln
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Davis: desired strong central govt, but others
in South were for States’ rights.
He defied rather than lead public opinion.
Lincoln: genius for interpreting and leading
public opinion
Exercised arbitrary power
Lincoln’s Arbitrary Powers
Congress not in session when war started, so Lincoln
made certain decisions:
1. Set blockade of southern seaports, increased the
Federal army, directed Secretary of Treasury to
advance $2 million for military purposes, suspended
the privilege of writ of habeas corpus.
2. North also set up “supervised voting” in Border states
with armed troops present.
3. Certain newspapers were suspended; editors were
arrested for obstructing the war.
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Writ of Habeas Corpus (don’t write)
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Prisoners seek release by filing a petition for a writ
of habeas corpus. A writ of habeas corpus is a
judicial mandate to a prison official ordering that an
inmate be brought to the court so it can be
determined whether or not that person is imprisoned
lawfully and whether or not he should be released
from custody. A habeas corpus petition is a petition
filed with a court by a person who objects to his own
or another's detention or imprisonment. The petition
must show that the court ordering the detention or
imprisonment made a legal or factual error. Habeas
corpus petitions are usually filed by persons serving
prison sentences.
Volunteers and Draftees: North
and South
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1st Northern armies took volunteers, each state
assigned a quota based on population.
1863: Congress passed 1st federal conscription
law.
Paying for War in the North
(80% inflation)
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Excise tax on tobacco and alcohol increased by Congress
Income tax implemented for 1st time brought in millions of
$$.
Morrill Tariff Act passed: increased duties 5% to 10%.
Issue of greenbacked paper money by Treasury Dept. –
value fluctuated and decreased due to inflation.
Borrowing money through sale of bonds thru private
banking house of Jay Cooke and Co.
1863: Congress authorized National Banking System
through National Banking Act. Banks that joined could
buy govt bonds and issue paper money backed by them.
Significant step toward a unified banking network.
Paying for War in the South
(9,000% inflation)
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Loss of customs revenue due to Union blockade.
$400 million in Confederate bonds sold at home
and abroad.
Increased taxes and imposed a 10% levy on farm
produce.
Printed Blue-backed paper money in great
quantities – resulted in runaway inflation of
9,000%
North’s Economic Boom
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North had wartime prosperity.
New factories sprang up – business owners benefited from
the “fortunes of war.”
For 1st time – millionaire class arose. Some through
dishonesty, greed, making of poor quality products.
New inventions helped economic expansion: sewing
machine, mechanical reapers – helped grow surplus of
grain.
Petroleum discovered in Pennsylvania – birth of new
industry: oil refining
Opened new opportunities = jobs for women.
10. What are the major causes of the
Civil War? Give details