Transcript The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Section 2 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 2
Which one of the following statements was NOT a part of the Compromise of
1850?
a) California was admitted to the Union as a free state.
b) The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
c) Southern states that objected to the compromise could secede
peacefully.
d) A strict fugitive slave law required northerners to return runaway
slaves.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin affected attitudes toward slavery because it
a) described the cruelty of slavery.
b) showed that most slaveholders acted as kind guardians.
c) argued that northerners didn’t really know what slavery was like.
d) explained why northerners should return fugitive slaves.
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The Crisis Deepens
Chapter 16, Section 3
• What was the goal of the Kansas-Nebraska
Act?
• Why did violence erupt in Kansas and in the
Senate?
• What impact did the Dred Scott case have on
the nation?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Chapter 16, Section 3
The Problem
The Compromise of 1850 dealt mainly with the Mexican Cession,
and not with the lands that were part of the Louisiana Purchase.
Provisions of the
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
• Nebraska Territory was to be divided into two territories—
Kansas and Nebraska.
• The settlers in each territory would decide the issue of slavery
by popular sovereignty.
The argument for
the act
• Many people thought the act was fair because the Compromise
of 1850 had applied popular sovereignty in New Mexico and
Utah.
• Southerners hoped slave owners from Missouri would move
into Kansas and make Kansas a slave state.
The argument
against the act
• The Missouri Compromise already banned slavery in Kansas
and Nebraska. In effect, the Kansas-Nebraska Act would
overturn the Missouri Compromise.
• Northerners protested by challenging the Fugitive Slave Act.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Chapter 16, Section 3
Violence Erupts in Kansas
Chapter 16, Section 3
• Kansas settlers were to settle the slavery issue by popular
sovereignty. Proslavery and antislavery settlers fought for
control of Kansas. Abolitionists brought in settlers from
New England. Proslavery settlers also moved into Kansas,
and proslavery bands from Missouri—Border Ruffians—
often rode across the border into Kansas.
• In 1855, Kansas held elections. Border Ruffians voted
illegally, helping to elect a proslavery legislature.
Antislavery settlers refused to accept the legislature and
elected their own governor and legislature. Kansas had two
governments.
• A band of proslavery men raided the town of Lawrence,
destroying homes and smashing the press of a Free-Soil
newspaper.
Violence Erupts in Kansas (continued)
Chapter 16, Section 3
• Abolitionist John Brown led a band to the town of
Pottawatomie Creek and killed five proslavery settlers
there.
• The killings at Pottawatomie Creek led to more violence.
Both sides engaged in guerrilla warfare, or the use of hitand-run tactics. Newspapers started calling the territory
“Bleeding Kansas.”
Violence Erupts in the Senate
Chapter 16, Section 3
• Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was the
leading abolitionist senator. In one speech he
denounced the proslavery legislature of Kansas
and viciously criticized his southern foes,
especially Senator Andrew Butler of South
Carolina.
• A few days later Butler’s nephew, Congressman
Preston Brooks, marched into the Senate
chamber and with his cane beat Sumner until he
was unconscious.
The Dred Scott Case
Chapter 16, Section 3
What was the Dred Scott Case?
Dred Scott filed a lawsuit, that is, a legal case brought to settle a
dispute between people or groups. Dred Scott had been enslaved
in Missouri. He moved with his owner to Illinois and then to the
Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was not allowed. Scott with his
owner returned to Missouri. When his owner died, Scott claimed
that because he had lived in a free territory, he had become a free
man. The case reached the Supreme Court as Dred Scott v.
Sandford.
What did the Supreme Court decide?
• Scott could not file a lawsuit because, as an enslaved person, he
was not a citizen.
• Slaves were considered to be property.
• Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any
territory. This decision meant the Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional.
The Dred Scott Case
What impact did the Dred
Scott Case have?
Chapter 16, Section 3
White southerners
White southerners were overjoyed. The
decision meant that slavery was legal in all
territories.
African American
northerners
Northern African Americans condemned the
ruling and asked whites to join their efforts to
end slavery.
White northerners
White northerners were shocked. They had
hoped that if slavery were kept to the South, it
would eventually just die out. Now, slavery
could spread.
Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 3
After Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, violence broke out in
Kansas because
a) the Kansas-Nebraska Act backed up the Missouri Compromise.
b) a congressman from Kansas beat up a senator from Nebraska.
c) proslavery and antislavery forces were battling to gain control of the
Kansas territory.
d) slave owners tried to return Dred Scott to slavery.
One reason the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision shocked some
Americans was because the decision declared that
a) Congress could outlaw slavery in any territory.
b) northern African Americans could ask northern whites for help to end
slavery.
c) slaves were property in the same way that horses and sheep were
property.
d) Dred Scott was a second-class citizen.
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Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 3
After Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, violence broke out in
Kansas because
a) the Kansas-Nebraska Act backed up the Missouri Compromise.
b) a congressman from Kansas beat up a senator from Nebraska.
c) proslavery and antislavery forces were battling to gain control of the
Kansas territory.
d) slave owners tried to return Dred Scott to slavery.
One reason the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision shocked some
Americans was because the decision declared that
a) Congress could outlaw slavery in any territory.
b) northern African Americans could ask northern whites for help to end
slavery.
c) slaves were property in the same way that horses and sheep were
property.
d) Dred Scott was a second-class citizen.
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The Republican Party Emerges
Chapter 16, Section 4
• Why did the Republican party come into
being in the mid-1850s?
• What events lay behind the rapid emergence
of Abraham Lincoln as a Republican leader?
• How did Americans react to John Brown’s
raid on Harpers Ferry?
The Republican Party Emerges
Chapter 16, Section 4
Who formed the Republican Party?
• A group of Free-Soilers, northern Democrats, and
antislavery Whigs
Why did they form a new party?
• They believed that neither the Whigs nor the
Democrats would take a strong enough stand
against slavery.
What was the goal of the party?
• Its main goal was to keep slavery out of the
western territories. A few Republicans hoped to
end slavery in the South as well.
How Abraham Lincoln Became Leader
of the Republican Party
Chapter 16, Section 4
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Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky. Later, he lived in Indiana and
Illinois.
Lincoln opened a store in Illinois. He studied law and entered politics.
He served eight years in the state legislature and one term in
Congress.
He opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, so he ran for the Senate in
1858.
During the Senate campaign, he debated Stephen Douglas seven
times.
• Lincoln: Slavery is wrong. African Americans are entitled to all the
natural rights in the Declaration of Independence, so slavery
should not extend to the territories. However, it can remain in the
states where it already exists.
• Douglas: The slavery question should be settled by popular
sovereignty.
Douglas narrowly won the election. However, during the campaign,
Lincoln became known throughout the country.
The Impact of John Brown’s Raid
Chapter 16, Section 4
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In 1859, John Brown led followers, including five African
Americans, to Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He planned to raid a federal
arsenal, or gun warehouse.
Brown took over the arsenal. He expected that would inspire a
slave uprising, but none took place.
Troops killed ten raiders and captured Brown. He was tried for
murder and treason, or actions against one’s country.
Brown gave a moving defense of his actions. Nevertheless he was
found guilty and sentenced to death. John Brown was hanged.
To many northerners, John Brown became a martyr because he
was willing to give up his life for his beliefs.
White southerners were outraged at the northern response. Many
southerners became convinced that the North wanted to destroy
slavery and the South along with it.
Section 4 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 4
When the Republican party was formed in the 1850s, its main goal was to
a) attract southern support for popular sovereignty.
b) see to it that Abraham Lincoln became President.
c) end slavery in all states of the United States.
d) keep slavery out of the western territories.
During his campaign for the United States Senate in 1858, Abraham Lincoln
argued that
a) African Americans were entitled to all of the natural rights listed in the
Declaration of Independence.
b) each and every state should decide slavery for itself.
c) slavery should be decided in the western territories by popular
sovereignty.
d) slavery should be ended in the South.
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Section 4 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 4
When the Republican party was formed in the 1850s, its main goal was to
a) attract southern support for popular sovereignty.
b) see to it that Abraham Lincoln became President.
c) end slavery in all states of the United States.
d) keep slavery out of the western territories.
During his campaign for the United States Senate in 1858, Abraham Lincoln
argued that
a) African Americans were entitled to all of the natural rights listed in the
Declaration of Independence.
b) each and every state should decide slavery for itself.
c) slavery should be decided in the western territories by popular
sovereignty.
d) slavery should be ended in the South.
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A Nation Divides
Chapter 16, Section 5
• How did the electon of 1860 reflect sectional
divisions?
• How did the South react to the election
results?
• How did the Civil War begin in 1861?
The Election of 1860
Chapter 16, Section 5
The Democratic party split in two: Northern Democrat
and Southern Democrat.
• Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas.
• Southern Democrats nominated John
Breckinridge.
Some Americans tried to heal the split by forming a
new party, the Constitutional Union party.
• The Constitutional Union party nominated John
Bell.
• The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln.
The Election of 1860
Chapter 16, Section 5
How the South Reacted to the Election of 1860
Chapter 16, Section 5
• Many southerners thought that Lincoln’s election meant the
South no longer had a voice in national government. They
believed the President and Congress were against them.
• Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky introduced a bill to
extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific. He
proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would
guarantee slavery south of the compromise line forever. His
proposals received little support.
• Other southerners believed secession was their only
choice. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the
first state to secede. By late February 1861, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas had
followed.
• At a convention in Montgomery, Alabama, the seven states
formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis became its president.
How the Civil War Began
Chapter 16, Section 5
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When Lincoln took office, he warned that no state could lawfully leave
the Union.
Jefferson Davis had already ordered Confederate forces to begin
seizing federal forts in the South.
President Lincoln had to make a decision. Should he let Confederates
take over federal property and look like he was admitting that states
had a right to leave the Union? Or should he send troops to hold the
forts and risk a war?
By April 1861, the Union held only four forts in the South. Food
supplies at one—Fort Sumter in South Carolina—were running low.
Lincoln notified the governor of South Carolina that he was going to
ship food to Fort Sumter. He said he would not send troops or
weapons.
The Confederates demanded that Fort Sumter surrender to them. The
Union commander refused to give in. The Confederates opened fire.
The Union troops ran out of ammunition and had to surrender.
Section 5 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 5
To many southerners, Lincoln’s election meant southern states had to secede
from the Union because
a) the Democratic party had split in two.
b) they believed that Lincoln’s election meant the South no longer had a
voice in the national government.
c) they were looking for a way to compromise.
d) they wanted to save the Union.
The Civil War began when
a) Southern Democrats all voted for Breckinridge.
b) South Carolina seceded from the Union.
c) the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter.
d) Lincoln sent a shipload of weapons to Fort Sumter.
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Section 5 Assessment
Chapter 16, Section 5
To many southerners, Lincoln’s election meant southern states had to secede
from the Union because
a) the Democratic party had split in two.
b) they believed that Lincoln’s election meant the South no longer had a
voice in the national government.
c) they were looking for a way to compromise.
d) they wanted to save the Union.
The Civil War began when
a) Southern Democrats all voted for Breckinridge.
b) South Carolina seceded from the Union.
c) the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter.
d) Lincoln sent a shipload of weapons to Fort Sumter.
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