Transcript Chapter 16
Chapter 16 Civil War Section 1 • Confederacy capital Richmond VA • Lincoln had to be careful to not lose border states • Lincoln arrested supporters of secession, suspended const. Rights- habeus corpus • Many people in border states joined the conf. army Comparing North and South Advantages • NORTH • SOUTH • • • • • • • Strong support of white population • Fighting in familiar territory • Superior military leadership Larger population More industry Abundant resources Banking More ships Efficient, large railroad North and South Disadvantages NORTH North faced difficult challenge bringing South back • On the offensive, invading • • • • SOUTH Smaller population Few factories Less rr tracks Belief in states rights, confederate govt. not given enough powerlike colonies and Art of Confederation War Aims and Strategy North South bring the South back, win recognition as an not ending slavery independent nation • 1. Blockade the south • 1. Defend its home, • 2. Gain control of holding on to Miss. River territory • 3. Capture • 2. Hoping England Richmond and France would come and aid American People at War • West Point grads fought against each other, Lee, Sherman.. • Soldiers were young about 25 some were 21 or younger • Most came from farms • Rebels vs. Yankees (Yanks) Section 2 Early Years of War • First Battle Battle of Bull Run • In Virginia • Confederates won drove back Union Army • Union now understood war would be long, difficult and costly • Recruited more soldiers War at Sea • Union Naval Blockade-reduced trade by 2/3 – So Confederacy built IRONCLADS • Ironclad warship Monitor vs. Merrimack War in the West • Goal to split Confederacy by gaining control of Miss. River • Grant secured Lower Tenn. River • Battle of Shiloh Grant fought for 2 days, Union won-- 20.000 casualties April 25, 1862 New Orleans falls Mississippi River Valley and the Union’s strategic plan to control the river Vicksburg, MS Union will capture and thus control the river. New Orleans captured after Shiloh Memphis captured after Shiloh War in East • Union failed to capture Richmond • Call for more volunteers 30,000 • Second Battle of Bull Run, Confederate victory and now they were 20 miles from Washington D. C. • Union found Lee’s personal messages detailing his armies locations.. Yet McClellan didn’t attack. • Battle of Antietam single bloodiest day of the war- 6000 dead 17000 wounded • McClellan removed and Burnside took over Section 3 Call for Freedom • Union main goal to preserve Union • Lincoln didn’t make slavery issue, b/c border states BORDER STATES Border states- had slaves but didn’t secede Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln wanted to take a stand on slavery • 1863 issued the proclamation • “all persons held as slaves within any state in rebellion against the US shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” • Didn’t actually free anyone • 1865 13th amendment abolished slavery in US African Americans in War •South refused to let AA fight in war, fear of rebellion, but at end REL allowed them to fight. War ended before any regiments were formed •200,000 fought in the war for the Union African American Soldiers • 1862 Law passed allowing AA to fightUnion • 10% of soldiers in Union were black, 37.000 died • 54th Massachusetts, led by abolitionists Section 4 Life During the Civil War • Camp life boring, drills, bad food, rain • Reality- new weapons made injuries more fatal, medical treatment crude • Confederates lacked food and supplies • Women and the War • Teachers, office workers, salesclerks, govt. workers • Women helped armies, made blankets, ammunition, collected food Spies, Nurses • Dorothea Dix organized women as nurses, became the head of Union nurses • Clara Barton nurse AMERICAN RED CROSS Opposition to the War • Democrats in North split • One group supported Lincoln • Copperheads( called this by Rep.) didn’t support Lincoln • Lincoln suspended habeas corpus – Right to a hearing before being jailed • Both North and south enacted Drafts • New York riots 1863 War and Economy • Greenbacks – northern money • Inflation in south and north • Northern economy prospered though – manufacturing • South lacked industry • Southern farms, land, RR torn up b/c the fighting took place there. Section 5 Way to Victory • Becoming difficult to keep soldiers 1862-63 • Fredricksburg/Chancellorsville Union defeated, but Stonewall Jackson wounded and dies • Battle of Gettysburg July 1 1863, Rebels defeated – Turning point in the war. • 46000-51,000 total deaths in 3 days!!! • Battle of Vicksburg 1863 Decisive win b/c it gave Union control of Miss. River Gettysburg Address • November 1863 • Lincoln addresses country at ceremony honoring fallen soldiers at Gettysburg • “these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation UNDER GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom” Final Phases of War • Lincoln makes Grant head of Union forces • Grant attacked on all fronts • Sherman captured Atlanta • Total War- everyone is affected, tearing up rr lines, crops, anything useful to the South • 1865 Richmond falls Second Inaugural Address • “lets us strive on to finish the work we are in, to BIND up the nations wounds” – Lincoln Surrender • April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse • Confederate soldiers lay down arms and go home • Results 600,000 soldiers died, billions of dollars of damage • Created bitter feelings Results of war Radical Republicans plan.. • 13th Amendment- Slavery is abolished all over country • 14th amendment- granted full citizenship to African Americans and stated the federal government will protect their rights • 15th amendment- granted all black men the right to vote. NOT WOMEN (1920) • Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth • Andrew Johnson new President – No desire to help AA, southerners swore oath to Union. “white men alone must manage the South”