Transcript 434-451.chapter review.ch-20 - apush

Cover Slide
The American
Pageant
Chapter 20
Girding for
War: The North
and the South,
1861-1865
Themes
• Theme: The North effectively brought to bear its
long-term advantages of industrial might and
human resources to wage a devastating total
war against the South. The war helped organize
and modernize northern society, while the
South, despite heroic efforts, was economically
and socially crushed.
• Theme: Lincoln’s skillful political leadership
helped keep the crucial Border States in the
Union and maintain northern morale, while his
effective diplomacy kept Britain and France from
aiding the Confederacy.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
South Carolina’s firing on Fort Sumter
aroused the North for war. Lincoln’s call for
troops to suppress the rebellion drove four
upper South states into the Confederacy.
Lincoln used an effective combination of
political persuasion and force to keep the
deeply divided Border States in the Union.
?
• Why would European great
powers welcome a civil war in the
United States?
• war would weaken the power of the
United States in the western
hemisphere.
• they could play the two nations off
against one another in a game of
balance of power.
• their existing colonies would be safe
against further American expansion.
• they might more readily seize new
colonial territory in the Americas.
?
In 1861, many Northerners were
willing to allow Southern states to
leave the Union until this
happened:
• The South attacked
Fort Sumter.
?
Why did the Confederate batteries
fire on Fort Sumter?
• When it was learned
that Lincoln had ordered
supplies sent to the fort.
?
How did Lincoln react to the attack
on Fort Sumter?
• Lincoln's decision on what to
do about the situation at Fort
Sumter in the first weeks of
his administration can best be
characterized as a middle of
the road solution.
?
Tell us how did Lincoln persuaded
Border States to remain in the Union.
Which state was added, which made
border states even more valuable?
Tell us about Lincoln’s position on
saving the Union, Border States, and
slavery. 
• In order to persuade the Border States
to remain in the Union, President
Lincoln used legally dubious methods.
• The importance of the Border States
became even greater when West
Virginia was added to their number in
1861.
• Lincoln's declaration that the North
sought to preserve the Union with or
without slavery revealed the influence of
the Border States on his policies.
?
What advantages did the Border
States offer?
• a large population.
• a good supply of horses and
mules.
• valuable manufacturing
capacity.
• large navigable rivers.
Main Ideas
The Confederacy enjoyed initial advantages of
upper-class European support, military
leadership, and a defensive position on its own
soil. The North enjoyed the advantages of lowerclass European support, industrial and
population resources, and political leadership.
The British upper classes sympathized with the
South and abetted Confederate naval efforts.
But effective diplomacy and Union military
success thwarted those efforts and kept Britain
as well as France neutral in the war.
?
?
During the Civil War the
Confederacy received support
from this unexpected group from
Oklahoma. Who?
• During the Civil War, most of the
Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian
Territory of present-day
Oklahoma supported the
Confederacy.
?
Which Indians supported the
North? What did they get in
return?
• In return for support from the
Plains Indians during the Civil
War, the Union waged war on
them and herded them onto
reservations.
?
In order to achieve its
independence, the Confederacy
had to at least accomplish what
great task.
• To achieve its independence,
the Confederacy had to fight
the invading Union army to a
draw.
?
What seemed to be the South’s
advantage at the beginning of the
war?
• The South seemed to have
the advantage of more
talented military leaders.
?
Okay, give me some similar
characteristics of both Union and
Confederate soldiers.
• most soldiers had been farmers or
farm laborers.
• most troops were native born.
• almost half were under the age of
22.
• both shared a common commitment
to patriotism.
?
• Give us some distinct
characteristics of Confederate
soldiers.
• jocular.
• emotional.
• religious.
• bred to fight.
?
• Okay, now give us some
distinct characteristics of
Union soldiers.
• literate.
• intellectual.
• practical.
• efficient.
?
•Northern soldiers
eventually became
known for what?
•Discipline and
determination.
?
• How did the Union find
effective high-level
commanders?
•Trial and error.
?
• What was the greatest
hardship faced by
soldiers during the Civil
War?
•Disease.
?
• Take 2
• What was the South’s
greatest weakness during the
Civil War?
• What was the North’s greatest
strength during the Civil War?
2 for 1
•Its economy.
?
• What caused much of the
hunger experienced by the
Confederate soldiers?
•The South's rickety
transportation
system.
?
• What was a supposed asset
for the South at the beginning
of the Civil War that never
materialized to its real
advantage?
•Intervention
from Britain
and France
.
?
• Why did the South think
Britain would come to its
aid?
•Dependence on
Southern cotton.
?
• Give us one good reason
that the British did not try to
break the Union blockade of
the South during the Civil
War.
•They feared
losing Northern
grain shipments.
?
• What happened that almost
sparked war between the
U.S. and Britain during the
Civil War?
•The Trent affair,
involving the
removal of
Southern diplomats
from a British ship.
?
• So, the U.S. relations
with Canada during the
war were hot, warm, or
cold?
•During the Civil
War relations
between the Union
and Canada were at
times very poor.
?
•What was
Alabama and
what did it do?
• Confederate
commerce-raiders
such as the
Alabama proved
effective against
Union shipping.
?
• So, guess what. Some people
throughout the world thought
this would be a great time to
take advantage of the situation.
What were the Frenchies up to
and what rule did they break?
What happened?
• Napoleon III attempted to install
Maximilian on the Mexican throne
• This was a clear violation of the
Monroe Doctrine.
• France abandoned its attempt to
control Mexico when the United
States threatened to force France to
leave.
?
•Who was Lincoln’s
minister to Britain?
• America's minister to Britain,
during the Civil War, under
President Lincoln
was Charles Francis Adams.
• During the Civil War,
diplomacy for the Union and
the Confederacy was critical
for both.
Main Ideas
Lincoln’s political leadership proved effective in
mobilizing the North for war, despite political
opposition and resistance to his infringement on
civil liberties. The North eventually mobilized its
larger troop resources for war and ultimately
turned to an unpopular and unfair draft system.
Northern economic and financial strengths
enabled it to gain an advantage over the lessindustrialized South.
Main Ideas
The changes in society opened new
opportunities for women, who had
contributed significantly to the war
effort in both the North and South.
Since most of the war was waged on
Southern soil, the South was left
devastated by the war.
?
•The Southern
cause was
weakened by what
political concept?
• States' rights.
• As president of the
Confederacy, Jefferson Davis
did not exercise the arbitrary
power wielded by Abraham
Lincoln because of the
South's emphasis on states'
rights.
?
• So, the great politician
Jefferson Davis. How
did he handle public
opinion?
•Jefferson
Davis defied rather
than was led by
public opinion.
?
• Why were the problems
that Abraham Lincoln
experienced as president
less prostrating than those
experienced by Jefferson
Davis?
• Partly because the North
had a long-established
and fully recognized
government.
?
• In Lincoln's attempts to
preserve the Union, what
questionable actions did he
commit?
• proclaimed a blockade of the
Southern ports.
• increased the size of the federal
army.
• suspended the writ of habeas
corpus.
• advanced federal funds to private
citizens without authorization.
?
• Tell us about the Northern
economy, banking, and
opportunities for women
during the Civil War.
• The Union's establishment of a new
national banking system, the National
Banking System, was the first
significant step toward a unified
banking network since 1836.
• As a result of the Civil War, the
Northern economy greatly expanded
its industrial and technological
productivity.
• During the Civil War, women in the
North had new opportunities opened
to them in industry.
?
•What happened to
the South’s wealth
during the Civil
War. Just the
numbers please.
?
• Possessing 30 percent of
the national wealth in 1860,
the South claimed only 12
percent in 1870.
?
•Why are we so
lucky to be here:
•Instead of here?
• The End