Transcript Civil and Reconstruction

Civil War and Reconstruction
Chapters 11/12
*Causes for:
• Secession
– State’s rights
– Fanaticism over slavery issue
misconceptions about Lincoln
– Econ/ Cultural Sectionalism
• War
–7
– Fort Sumter
*ID
States
• Confederacy
• Border
Union
Kansas
Calif.
Oregon
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MD
DEL
KY
Missouri
W Va
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SC 12/60
Miss 1/61
FL
Ala
GA
LA
TEX
2/61
• Confederacy formed2/61
– VA 4/61
– ARK, TENN, NC
5/61
*ID:
Adv/ Disadv of N/S
• Categories
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Population
Geography
Agriculture
Industry
Transportation
Foreign Trade
Finances
Diplomacy
Military
• Leadership
• Army
• Navy
*Explain Early Strategies
• North
• blockade
• Control the Mississippi
River / split the
Confederacy
• Capture Richmond
– South
– Maintain military effort
over time
– Threaten the north with
invasion
– Avoid defeat
– Gain foreign support
*ID Theaters
EAST
W
E
S
T
*ID Military Phases:
• Early defeat
61-62
– Shock
– stalemate
• Turning Point –July 1863
– Grant in the West-Vicksburg
– Gettysburg
• “War of Attrition” 64 / 65
– Grant vs. Lee
– Sherman
*the “shock and reality”
of this war
• The Bull Run “picnic”
• Weapons Technology
• Offsetting strengths and weaknesses
*ID Major Battles
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Bull Run
Forts Henry / Donelson
Shiloh
Peninsula Campaign
New Orleans
7 Days Battle
Bull Run 2
Antietam *
Fredricksburg
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg *
Vicksburg
7/61
C
2/62
U
3/62
U
3/62
C
4/62
U
6/62
C
8/62
C
9/62
---12/62
C
5/63
C
7/63
U
7/63
U
11.4 *ID military “turning points” for the
Union
July 1863
Vicksburg
-Siege
-control of Miss R
-Grant
Gettysburg
-3 days
- Lee ignores his own
strategy
- D1- Seminary Ridge
D2- Little Round Top
D3- Cemetary Ridge
• ID Theme/ Setting of Gettysburg Address
- dedication of cemetery and cause
- Nov. 19 1863
READ IT !!!!!!!
11.4 *How did Sherman and Grant
impact the war?
*** their tactics got Lincoln re-elected and won the war for the
union
• “Total War” - Sherman
• “War of Attrition” - Grant
• “The Wilderness”
- Cold Harbor, Spotsylvania,
Petersburg Siege
• “The March to the Sea”
- Tenn, Ga, SC, NC
Timeline for EP
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•
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9/1862 – Antietam, initial announcement
1/1863 – EP issued
7/1863 – Vicksburg and Gettysburg
11 / 1863 – Gettysburg Address
11.2 Describe the importance of the
Emancipation Proclamation
• 9/62 decision after Antietam; in effect 1/1/63
• declared slaves in the rebellious confederate
states to be free –to be liberated by US troops
under AL’s command
• not in the border states ! – not in US controlled
territory ! – LAWS would be needed for that
• has a symbolic purpose: it “ennobles” the war
effort with “a cause” –becomes a crusade
• would discourage foreign support for the south
• Lincoln and the north became “Liberators”
• encourages freed slave support
11.2 / 11.3
*The War’s impact on Life and Politics
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Foreign aid – GB
war failures –AL’s political popularity
border states
Internal Dissent
– Habeas Corpus
– Copperheads
– Conscription Riots
– Union military defeats
• McClellan
11.2 / 11.3
….there were other issues…. “things happening” – the civil
war did not put a stop to other issues / problems for AL
***AL v. OBAMA ?????
• Native American relations
• Expansion west
- RR’s
- the Homestead Act
- bank reform
*** “political leadership” –advantage: NORTH
11.5 *Results of the Civil War
• Political
• Secession is not an
option
• War powers of the
president expanded
• Reconstruction of the
gov’t and the country
• Lincoln’s assassination
• CW Amendments
13,14,15
• Federal Gov’t is
supreme ; states’ rights
concept is limited
• Econ
•
N / S
• Migration of
people
• Sharecropping
Soc
Costs
-rebuilding
-lives
- $$$$
Abolition
“Jim Crow”
& “The
Segregated
South” est.
12.1 *ID the Provisions of Each of the
Reconstruction Plans
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•
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Lincoln’s (12/1863)
– Never seceded/ individual
– Pardon power
– Lenient
• Loyalty oath
• 10%
Congress’
Wade-Davis Bill (7/1864) –(pocket veto)
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Conf. was conquered territory
51 % -Loyalty oath
Congress would readmit - not the Pres.
Deterrence
Prevent state “Black Codes”
Provide aid – passed the Freedman’s Bureau Act
Johnson’s (5/1865)
– used pardon
– Loyalty oath
– Accepted southern states back who:
• Disowned secession
• Repudiated Confed. debts
• Ratified 13th A
*How did Congress respond to AJ?
• Describe AJ
• State re-enter under AJ’s plan 12 / 65
• Feb / 1866 - Refused to seat southern reps.
• Resented new southern state gov’ts
• Wade- Davis Bill (64)
– Radicals
RADICAL REPUBLICANS:
against A Johnson
• Infringing on the powers of Congress
• Too lenient
• Threat to Republican control
• Abandon the blacks to state govt’s
• Charles Sumner (S)
• Thaddeus Stevens (H)
?????????????
• Whose car wash are the
southern states gonna have
to go thru ????????
AJ’s future actions would push moderate
Rep’s to the Radicals
The Republicans in Congress want:
• To renew the FBA
• To pass the CRA
• drafted the 14th amendment
A Johnson fights against these measures and revokes
Sherman’s orders (40 acres..)
* midterm elections of 1866
- Johnson campaigns against: the Republicans, the
FBA, the CRA and the 14th A
Why were the mid-term elections of 1866
important?
• Nov. 1866
• AJ campaigns against radical republican program >
CRA,FBA,14th A
• Results of the midterm elections:
- republican majorities in S and H of R--- radicals begin
to implement their reconstruction program:
CRA,FBA,14th A, the Reconstruction Act (1867)
- veto proof majority for republicans – AJ’s vetoes would
be met with overrides
- impeachment attack on AJ begins with Congress
passing the Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Describe the Radical Plan
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Congress control; purge and deter
FBA ; CRA passed 1866
14th A is drafted
Reconstruction Act – 1867
- 5 military districts
- conditions for troop removal: new elections; new state
constitutions; ratify CW amendments
• want to Impeach Johnson – THEY SET A TRAP:
-Tenure of Office Act
12.2 * Summarize the South’s
Economic Problems
• Loss of wealthy, state
revenue
• Labor shortage
• Wide spread debt
• Landlessness
• “King Cotton” is dead
• Responses
– ↑ prod., ↑ taxes
• diversify
– Sharecropping
• Crop lein
– Land redistribution
*ID Political Problems in the
South
• Conflicting goals among Rep.’s in the south
- scalawags
- recruiting democrats into rep. gov’ts Responses
• Radical Rep. legislation
• Racism / discriminating state laws
• Public works
(Black Codes)
• Need to rebuild infrastructure
• Mistrust, opportunism
*ID Social Problems
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White Denial
Separation / Segregation
Literacy
Racism, white violence
Responses
• A/A Activity
- Republican party
- Churches
• Migration
State
Texas
Ark
LA
Miss
Ala
TN
GA
FLA
SC
NC
VA
1870
1868
1868
1870
1868
1866
1870
1868
1868
1868
1870
“Readmitted”
12.3 *Describe the Radically Reconstructed
Southern State Gov’ts
The Negatives:
• Corruption supported by presence of federal
troops
• “Carpetbag Gov’ts” :
- ↑ spending, taxation, debt
- resented (scalawag, carpetbaggers)
and undermined by southern whites
- ↑ Freedman rights policed by military
increased resentment
The Positives
• Reformed state constitutions ,more liberal
• Removed voting qualifications, and office holding
qualifications
• Encouraged Freedman participation at the state
and national level
• Abolished debt imprisonment
• Est. free public schools
• Economic rebuilding
Freedman’s
Bureau
Civil Rights Act
Of 1875
Civil Rights of
1866
Major Acts of Congress for
Radical Reconstruction
Enforcement
Act
1870
13, 14, 15
Amendments
Reconstruction
Act
1867
12.3 *Explain the collapse of the Radical
Republican gov’ts in the south
• Grant Scandals
– 72 Election split
• Southern Resistance
– Grant not aggressive
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Bank Panic 1873, Depression
Death of Radicals
Amnesty Act 1872
Freedman’s Bureau expired
Restrictive SC decisions
Racism
- violence / KKK
• 1876 Pres. election compromise
“Readmitted”
1870
“Redeemed”
1874
Ark
1868
1874
LA
1868
1877
Miss
1870
1876
Ala
1868
1874
TN
1866
1869
GA
1870
1871
FLA
1868
1877
SC
1868
1876
NC
1868
1870
VA
1870
1870
State
Texas
12.3 *ID Legacy of
Reconstruction
• State Segregation Laws
installed in the name of
State’s Rights
• 14th
Amendment
• Southern resentment:
• The Modern
Civil Rights
Movement
- racism
- violence
12. Reconstruction Storyline
• Timeline Handout
A side
B side