Transcript STAAR FACTS REVIEW (100 +FACTS)

STAAR FACTS REVIEW
(100 +FACTS)
DRILL AND KILL!
(EDITED AND REVISED)
IN THIS YEAR, THE FIRST
PERMANENT ENGISH
SETTLEMENT IN AMERICA WAS
ESTABLISHED
1607
In this year the Pilgrims
established Plymouth colony
and signed the Mayflower
Compact.
1620
IN THIS YEAR, THE
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE WAS SIGNED.
1776
IN THIS YEAR, THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION WAS
WRITTEN.
1787
IN THIS YEAR, THE LOUISIANA
TERRITORY WAS PURCHASED
FROM FRANCE, DOUBLING THE
SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.
1803
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
TOOK PLACE DURING THESE
YEARS.
1861-1865
THE FIRST PERMANENT
ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN
AMERICA.
JAMESTOWN
THE FIRST SHOTS OF THE
AMERICAN REVOUTION WERE
FIRED AT THESE TWO PLACES
ON APRIL 19, 1775.
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD,
MASSACHUSETTS
This address was intended to
help heal and restore the
country after four years of
Civil War.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
THIS BATTLE IS CALLED THE
TURNING POINT OF THE
AMERICAN REVOUTION.
SARATOGA
THIS WAS THE FINAL BATTLE
OF THE AMERICAN REVOUTION.
YORKTOWN (VIRGINIA)
The sharing of power between
the state and national
government.
FEDERALISM
THE FIRST SHOTS OF THE CIVIL
WAR WERE FIRED HERE.
FORT SUMTER, CHARLESTON,
SOUTH CAROLINA
THIS BATTLE WAS CALLED THE
TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL
WAR BECAUSE THE SOUTH
WAS NEVER ABLE TO INVADE
THE NORTH AGAIN.
GETTYSBURG (PENNSYLVANIA)
THIS BATTLE GAVE THE UNION
ARMY CONTROL OF THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SPLIT
THE CONFEDERACY IN TWO.
VICKSBURG (MISSISSIPPI)
THIS IS THE PLACE WHERE
GENERAL LEE SURRENDERED
THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TO
GENERAL GRANT ON APRIL 9,
1865.
APPOMATTOX COURT
HOUSE, VIRGINIA
THIS IS A TAX PLACED ON
GOODS BROUGHT INTO A
COUNTRY.
TARIFF
The later writings and
interpretations of historians
and writers such as textbooks
Secondary sources
THIS IS A TAX PLACED ON
GOODS FROM ANOTHER
COUNTRY TO PROTECT THE
HOME INDUSTRY.
PROTECTIVE TARIFF
THIS MEANS A STRONG SENSE
OF LOYALTY TO A STATE OR
SECTION INSTEAD OF THE
WHOLE COUNTRY.
SECTIONALISM
THE BELIEF THAT THE UNITED
STATES SHOULD OWN ALL THE
LAND BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC
OCEAN AND THE PACIFIC
OCEAN.
MANIFEST DESTINY
THIS IS THE CAMPAIGN
AGAINST THE SALE OR
DRINKING OF ALCOHOL.
TEMPERANCE
A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN
WHICH VOTERS ELECT
REPRESENTATIVES TO MAKE
LAWS FOR THEM.
REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT
THE FIRST REPRESENTATIVE
ASSEMBLY IN AMERICA.
VIRGINIA HOUSE OF
BURGESSES
EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE,
JUDICIAL.
THE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT
A SYSTEM SET UP BY THE
CONSTITUTION IN WHICH EACH
BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT HAS THE
POWER TO CHECK, OR
CONTROL, THE ACTIONS OF
THE OTHER BRANCHES.
CHECKS AND BALANCES
A SYSTEM IN WHICH EACH
BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT
HAS ITS OWN POWERS.
SEPARATION OF POWERS
THE PRACTICE OF ALLOWING
EACH TERRITORY OF THE
UNITED STATES TO DECIDE
FOR ITSELF WHETHER OR NOT
TO HAVE SLAVERY.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
A WORD WHICH MEANS TO
CHANGE.
AMEND
CRUEL AND UNJUST
GOVERNMENT.
TYRANNY
A FORM OF GOVERNMENT
THAT IS RUN BY THE PEOPLE
GIVING THE PEOPLE SUPREME
POWER.
DEMOCRACY
The refusal to obey a
government law or laws as a
means of passive resistance
as a result of one’s moral
conviction or belief, such as
Henry David Thoreau’s
refusal to pay a tax which he
thought would be used for an
unjust cause.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
THIS WORD MEANS TO
APPROVE BY VOTE.
RATIFY
THE RIGHT OF THE SUPREME
COURT TO JUDGE LAWS
PASSED BY CONGRESS AND
DETERMINE WHETHER THEY
ARE CONSTITUTIONAL OR NOT.
JUDICIAL REVIEW
THE IDEA OF A STATE
DECLARING A FEDERAL LAW
ILLEGAL.
NULLIFICATION
THE ORIGINAL RECORDS OF AN
EVENT, SUCH AS EYEWITNESS
REPORTS, SPEECHES,
LETTERS, ETC.
PRIMARY SOURCE
THIS ADDRESS BY GEORGE
WASHINGTON ADVISED THE
UNITED STATES TO “STAY
NEUTRAL IN RELATION WITH
OTHER NATIONS” AND AVOID
“ENTANGLING ALLIANCES.”
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL
ADDRESS
THIS TREATY ENDED THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND
FORCED BRITAIN TO
RECOGNIZE THE UNITED
STATES AS AN INDEPENDENT
NATION.
TREATY OF PARIS, 1783
A POLICY FOR ESTABLISHING
PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES
FOR THE ORDERLY EXPANSION
OF THE U.S. BY DESCRIBING
HOW A TERRITORY BECAME A
NEW STATE.
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
THE AGREEMENT, SIGNED BY
THE PILGRIMS IN 1620 AT
PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS,
TO CONSULT EACH OTHER
ABOUT LAWS FOR THE
COLONY AND PROMISE TO
WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE IT
SUCCEED.
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
A PAMPHLET WRITTEN BY
THOMAS PAINE TO CONVINCE
THE COLONISTS THAT IT WAS
TIME TO BECOME
INDEPENDENT FROM
ENGLAND.
COMMON SENSE
THE FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS
OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
WHICH DETAIL THE
PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTIES.
BILL OF RIGHTS
A SHORT SPEECH GIVEN BY
ABRAHAM LINCOLN TO
DEDICATE A CEMETARY FOR
SOLDIERS WHO DIED AT THE
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
ISSUED BY ABRAHAM LINCOLN
ON JANUARY 1, 1863, THIS
DOCUMENT FREED ALL THE
SLAVES IN THE ELEVEN
CONFEDERATE STATES.
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
IN THIS ADDRESS, LINCOLN
STATED THAT “ NO STATE…
CAN LAWFULLY GET OUT OF
THE UNION,” BUT PLEDGED NO
WAR UNLESS THE SOUTH
STARTED IT.
LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL
ADDRESS
THIS AGREEMENT CREATED
TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS,
ONE BASED ON POPULATION
AND THE OTHER ON EQUAL
REPRESENTATION FOR EACH
STATE.
THE GREAT COMPROMISE
THIS MAN WAS A FOUNDER OF
THE SONS OF LIBERTY AND
URGED A BOYCOTT TO
SUPPORT AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE.
SAMUEL ADAMS
AN INVENTOR, STATESMAN,
DIPLOMAT, SIGNER OF THE
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE, DELEGATE TO
THE CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION AND THE
AMERICAN AMBASSADOR TO
FRANCE DURING THE
REVOUTION.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
Served in the Continental
Army, fought at Saratoga, and
became the first AfricanAmerican to serve in
Congress
WENTWORTH CHESWELL
THE KING OF ENGLAND
DURING THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION.
KING GEORGE III
AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE, THIRD
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES AND PURCHASER OF
THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
African-American spy for the
Patriots during the
American Revolution.
JAMES ARMISTEAD
AUTHOR OF COMMON SENSE
AND THE CRISIS.
THOMAS PAINE
THE LEADER OF THE
CONTINENTAL ARMY DURING
THE REVOLUTION WHO LATER
BECAME THE FIRST PRESIDENT
OF THE UNITED STATES.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
American banker and Patriot.
He made loans to the U.S.
government and army during
the Revolution.
HAYM SALOMON
Governor of Spanish
Louisiana who sent aid to the
Patriots during the
Revolution.
BERNARDO DE GALVEZ
THE CHANGE FROM MAKING
GOODS BY HAND TO MAKING
THEM BY MACHINE.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THIS MEETING WAS HELD FOR
THE PURPOSE OF REVISNG
THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION, BUT
INSTEAD IT CREATED A WHOLE
NEW PLAN OF GOVERNMENT
FOR THE UNITED STATES.
PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
OR CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION OF 1787
THE LEADER OF THE ORIGINAL
DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND A
“PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE”.
HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
THE TRAIL OF TEARS AND WAS
NICKNAMED “OLD HICKORY”.
ANDREW JACKSON
A SOUTH CAROLINA
CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR
WHO SPOKE FOR THE SOUTH
BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR. HE
CREATED THE IDEA OF
NULLIFICATION.
JOHN C. CALHOUN
THE POWERFUL KENTUCKY
CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR
WHO PROPOSED THE
AMERICAN SYSTEM AND THE
COMPROMISE OF 1850.
NICKNAMED “THE GREAT
COMPROMISER”.
HENRY CLAY
A MASSACHUSETTS
CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR
WHO SPOKE FOR THE NORTH
AND THE UNION 1830-1850. HE
MADE THE FAMOUS “SECOND
REPLY TO HAYNE” SPEECH.
DANIEL WEBSTER
PRESIDENT OF THE
CONFEDERACY DURING THE
CIVIL WAR.
JEFFERSON DAVIS
THE GENERAL OF THE UNION
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC WHO
WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
WINNING THE CIVIL WAR FOR
THE NORTH.
ULYSSES S. GRANT
THE GENERAL OF THE
CONFEDERATE ARMY OF
NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WHO
SURRENDERED TO GRANT ON
APRIL 9, 1865 AT APPOMATTOX
COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA.
ROBERT E. LEE
THE SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTOF
THE UNITED STATES WHO
SUCCESSFULLY PUT THE
UNION BACK TOGETHER AND
WAS ASSASSINATED FIVE
DAYS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
ENDED.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
African-American
Congressional Medal of
Honor winner who took part
in the attack on Fort Wagner
during the Civil War.
SERGEANT WILLIAM
CARNEY
The first African-American to
serve in the U.S. Senate
HIRAM RHODES REVELS
Hispanic sailor who won the
Congressional Medal of
Honor and aided the Union
victory in the Civil War.
PHILLIP BAZAAR
LEADER OF THE FEDERALIST
PARTY, FIRST TREASURER OF
THE UNITED STATES, CREATOR
OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED
STATES, KILLED IN A DUEL
WITH VICE-PRESIDENT AARON
BURR.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
A PASSIONATE VIRGINIA
PATRIOT WHO BECAME
FAMOUS FOR HIS FIERY
SPEECHES FOR AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE. HIS MOST
FAMOUS ENDED WITH “GIVE
ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME
DEATH!” HE WAS LATER A
LEADING ANTIFEDERALIST.
PATRICK HENRY
FOURTH PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES, PRESIDENT
DURING THE WAR OF 1812,
CALLED “THE FATHER OF THE
CONSTITUTION.”
JAMES MADISON
A FORMER SLAVE WHO WAS
THE BEST-KNOWN BLACK
ABOLITIONIST, HE PUBLISHED
A NEWSPAPER CALLED THE
NORTH STAR.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
FIFTH PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES DURING THE
“ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”, HE
ISSUED THE MONROE
DOCTRINE FOREIGN POLICY
STATEMENT.
JAMES MONROE
AN ESCAPED SLAVE WHO
BECAME THE MOST FAMOUS
“CONDUCTOR” ON THE
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
AND HELPED OVER 300 SLAVES
TO FREEDOM IN THE NORTH.
HER NICKNAME WAS “MOSES”.
HARRIET TUBMAN
WITH HELP FROM SUSAN B.
ANTHONY AND LUCRETIA
MOTT, SHE ORGANIZED THE
SENECA FALLS CONVENTION,
CREATING THE FIRST
ORGANIZED WOMEN’S RIGHTS
MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED
STATES.
ELIZABETH CADY STANTON
THIS AMENDMENT GAVE
CITIZENSHIP TO ALL FORMER
SLAVES.
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
THIS AMENDMENT CONTAINS
THE LIST OF THE “FIVE
FREEDOMS”.
FIRST AMENDMENT
THIS AMENDMENT ABOLISHED
SLAVERY.
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
THIS IS ANOTHER WORD FOR
THE RIGHT TO VOTE
SUFFRAGE
THIS AMENDMENT GAVE THE
RIGHT TO VOTE TO AFRICAN
AMERICAN MALES.
FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT
THE 1803 SUPREME COURT
CASE WHICH GAVE THE COURT
THE POWER OF JUDICIAL
REVIEW.
MARBURY v. MADISON
THIS 1857 SUPREME COURT
DECISION SAID THAT SLAVES
WERE PROPERTY AND NOT
CITIZENS.
DRED SCOTT v. SANDFORD
THE INVENTOR OF THE
COTTON GIN AND
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS.
ELI WHITNEY
NAME GIVEN TO ONE WHO
SUPPORTED THE AMERICAN
CAUSE DURING THE
REVOLUTION.
PATRIOT
NAME GIVEN TO ONE WHO
REMAINED LOYAL TO THE KING
OF ENGLAND DURING THE
AMERICAN REVOUTION.
LOYALIST OR TORY
INVENTOR OF THE TELEGRAPH
AND THE CODE IT USED.
SAMUEL F.B. MORSE
INVENTOR OF THE FIRST
SUCCESSFUL STEAMBOAT,
THE CLERMONT, IN 1807.
ROBERT FULTON
THREE OUT OF EVERY FIVE
SLAVES WOULD COUNT FOR
BOTH POPULATION AND
TAXATION.
THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE
THIS MEETING, HELD IN
SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK,
WAS HELD TO DISCUSS
WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND CALLED
FOR THE RIGHT TO VOTE.
SENECA FALLS CONVENTION
THIS LAND BUY, MADE FROM
FRANCE IN 1803, DOUBLED THE
SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTY,
HEADED BY ALEXANDER
HAMILTON AND FAVORING A
LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF
THE CONSTITUTION.
THE FEDERALIST PARTY
THE POLITICAL PARTY HEADED
BY JEFFERSON AND MADISON
WHICH FAVORED A STRICT
INTERPRETATION OF THE
CONSTITUTION.
DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS
A NATION IN WHICH VOTERS
CHOOSE REPRESENTATIVES
TO GOVERN THEM.
REPUBLIC
THE MOST FAMOUS WHITE
ABOLITIONIST AND PUBLISHER
OF HIS NEWSPAPER, THE
LIBERATOR.
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
THE SORROWFUL FORCED
JOURNEY OF THE CHEROKEE
INDIANS FROM THEIR
HOMELANDS IN GEORGIA TO
THE OKLAHOMA TERRITORY
AS A RESULT OF JACKSON’S
INDIAN REMOVAL POLICIES.
THE TRAIL OF TEARS
THE SUPREME COURT
DECISION ALLOWING THE
CHEROKEE INDIANS TO STAY
ON THEIR HOMELANDS IN
GEORGIA, BUT WHICH
JACKSON IGNORED AND
FORCIBLY REMOVED THEM.
WORCESTER v. GEORGIA
AUTHOR OF UNCLE TOM’S
CABIN
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
A series of essays, written by
Alexander Hamilton, James
Madison and John Jay,
supporting and defending the
new Constitution.
THE FEDERALIST PAPERS
This could be the slogan of
the American Revolution.
“No taxation without
representation!”
Drew an imaginary line down
the crest of the Appalachian
Mountains and forbade the
colonists to settle beyond it.
PROCLAMATION OF 1763