Transcript CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 16 SLAVERY DIVIDES THE NATION SECTION 2 – Quick Review Missouri Compromise: • compromise = ??? • Henry Clay’s proposal – kept the number of slave/free states equal • Missouri = slave state ok if Maine = free state Why was this so important?............ Wilmot Proviso: • David Wilmot – law to ban slavery in the West • Free states above 36◦30’ & Slave states below • Never passed – angry southerners: Congress can not ban slavery Free-Soil Party: • Democrats / Whigs –goal to ban slavery in the West Section 2 – The Compromise of 1850 • The Compromise of 1850 – attempt to save the Union • Five Parts: • 1. Allowed California to become free state • 2. Divided Mexican territory into New Mexico and Utah • Voters decide if slave state – popular sovereignty • 3. Ended slave trade in Wash. D.C. • 4. Included strict fugitive slave law • Settled a border disputed between Texas and New Mexico Sect. 2 – Fugitive Slave Law • 1850 – Fugitive Slave Law requires all citizens to help catch runaway slaves • Anyone helped escaped slaves - fined $1,000 and put in jail • This made antislavery northerners angry • Felt it made them part of slave system Calhoun, Clay, and Webster • Calhoun – Southerner - proslavery and refused to compromise. • Webster – Hated slavery, but agreed to compromise to serve the Union – He was afraid of a civil war – • A war between people of the same country • He supported Fugitive Slave Act • Clay – Compromise was necessary to save the Union. • Wanted everyone to agree with each other. • Afraid the Union could break up. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Bestseller – Antislavery story • Shows: • Evils of slavery • Injustice of Fugitive Slave Act Section 3 – The Crisis Deepens • Kansas – Nebraska Act • Senator Stephen Douglas – bill to set up a govt. for the Nebraska Territory • Divided Nebraska into two territories • Nebraska and Kansas • Gave each state right to decide about slavery – popular sovereignty Kan/Neb Act - Support • Seemed fair to many people – especially southern leaders. • Thought slave owners would move with their slaves into Kansas • Hoped Kansas would become a slave state President Franklin Pierce supported the bill Kan/Neb Act - Northern Outrage • Many northerners unhappy with this Act, became angry • Said Miss. Comp. already banned slavery in Kansas • Afraid slavery could spread to free areas • Protested – challenged the Fugitive Slave Act Crisis Turns Violent • Proslavery Border Ruffians from Missouri • Wanted to make sure antislavery group did not take over territory • Rode across the border and battled the antislavery groups in Kansas • Voted illegally in Kansas for proslavery law Crisis Turns Violent • 1856 –Bleeding Kansas – • Border Ruffians raided Lawrence. Destroyed homes and a Free-Soil newspaper location • John Brown, abolitionist, struck back at Pottawatomie Creek • Dragged proslavery settlers from their bed and kills them Violence gets worse Guerrilla warfare - Use of hit-and-run tactics More than 200 people die The Dred Scott Case • Dredd Scott - slave in Missouri • His owner and him moved to Wisconsin where slavery was not allowed • Moved back to Missouri, and Scott’s owner dies • Antislavery lawyers help him to file a lawsuit • Because he lived in a free territory, he was free • Case goes to the Sup. Court Dredd Scott v. Sandford • Courts decision shocks antislavery Americans • Court ruled: • Scott could not file a lawsuit, he was a slave and not a citizen • Slaves were considered to be property • Congress can not outlaw slavery in any territory • Meant that Miss. Comp. was unconstitutional