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EVALUATE THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION PROVED TO BE A TEST OF THE SUPREMACY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. NCSCOS 3.05 Michael Quiñones, NBCT www.socialstudiesguy.com MACRO CONCEPTS Conflict-Issues/problems that can lead to fighting without compromise. Nationalism-Extreme love and devotion for your nation and exaggerated patriotism. Power-Authority to control citizens usually by law. National SupremacyConcept that in any legal conflict between the federal/national government and state government the federal/national government shall prevail. Reform-The method of fixing, improving and correcting [change for the better]. MICRO CONCEPTS Reconstruction-The act of rebuilding/reuniting the Union after the U.S. Civil War. MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION Because there was a lot of disagreement in the U.S. Congress and still desire for Southern rebellion Lincoln installed military rule throughout the South. The South was separated into 5 military districts with appointed Military governors who controlled each region. Resentment, shame and hard feelings arose in the heart of many Southerners who believed they were again being oppressed by the Union. 13TH AMENDMENT One week before President Lincoln was assassinated the 13th Amendment passed the U.S. House of Representatives. One year later the 13th Amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution. The 13th Amendment banned, prohibited and forbade slavery within the United States and its Western territories. 14TH AMENDMENT In 1868 the 14th Amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution in order to provide equal protection to all citizens under the law. The intent of this law was to ban discrimination against people who at one time were slaves and to destroy racist state laws such as the Grandfather Clause. It took nearly 100 years for the full effect of 14th Amendment to take place because of numerous court challenges. 15TH AMENDMENT In 1870 the 15th Amendment prohibited voting discrimination. The specific language stated that voting rights could not be restricted based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Voting rights could only be restricted based on minimum age and criminal convictions. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 This federal law banned discrimination against all people with the exception of some same NativeAmerican tribes. The purpose of the law was to combat racism and discrimination. ELECTION OF 1866 Elections throughout the United States centered around whether to support or reject Reconstruction. Radical Republicans wanted to continue military occupation in the South. Southern Democrats wanted to continue Jim Crow laws. President Johnson wanted a lenient Reconstruction Plan. The Republican party [not the radicals] won most of the elections but military occupation lasted only a few years longer. Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 U.S. citizens were mostly fed up with the ineptitude of President Grant and the depressed economy. The alleged corruption and suspected scandals committed by Grant’s administration had soured American voters. New York Governor Samuel E. Tilden [a “Yankee”]the democratic candidate opposed former Confederate General [Southerner] Rutherford B. Hayes. Rutherford B. Hayes Tilden actually won the popular vote but due to Southern violence and pressure from railroad companies a deal was struck to give the presidency to Hayes in exchange for White House patronage [jobs]. Hayes lasted one term as president. Samuel E. Tilden Choice Assignment: Choose and complete one of the following assignments [1] Draft a letter as Lincoln’s secretary convincing the U.S. that military Reconstruction is necessary. [2] Create a poster supporting the passage or rejection of the 13th Amendment. [3] Create a poster demanding to bring the Grandfather Clause back to undermine the 15th Amendment. [4] Create a 6-panel cartoon strip describing the Compromise of 1877. [5] Create a list of 10 racist incidents that occurred and led to the Civil Rights Act of 1866 being passed. [6] Write a personal letter to Congress thanking them or complementing them for the 14th Amendment. IMAGE SOURCES http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/walter.sargent/public.www/web%201 04/map-reconstruction.jpg http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/15th.jpg