Transcript Spring 2016 Final Study Guide PP FINAL x

Spring 2015 Final Study
Guide PP
European Conquest of North America affected the Natives
• By introducing new diseases to the population
• By suppressing the population
• By enslaving the population
• By controlling the population
France colonized the New World
• For God, Gold, and Glory
• To develop the fur trade
Identify the 3 regions of the colonies and their similarities and differences
New England
• Small local or personal farms
Long winters with short growing season
• Mostly manufacturing
Many cities and urban areas
• Strong religious ties
Rocky soil
Middle
• Medium size farms
Moderate weather and growing season
• Moderate soil
Some religion but tolerance for others
• Partially farms and urban area
South
• Large farms
Long growing season
• Cash crops
Agrarian society
• Mostly small towns, rural areas
Large slow moving rivers
List in chronological order important events leading to the Revolutionary War
• 1765
• 1767
• 1770
• 1773, March
• 1773, December
• 1774
• 1775, April
Stamp Act
Townshend Act
Boston Massacre
Tea Act
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts
Lexington/Concord START OF WAR
Thomas Jefferson purpose in writing the Declaration of Independence
• It stated that people have the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
Eventually property became happiness.
• It told Great Britain that we no longer wanted to be a part of their empire.
• It was basically a request for a divorce.
In which event did the first conflict between the
Minutemen and Redcoats occur?
• The FIRST “Battle” between the Redcoats (British Army)
and the Minutemen (colonial militia) that started the
Revolutionary War occurred at Lexington/Concord.
Key Battles/Events of the Revolutionary War
• Battle of Bunker Hill – The Continental Army surrounded Boston and
fought the British valiantly almost winning another significant victory
for the colonials. George Washington and his forces had to retreat
after running out of ammunition.
• Battle of Saratoga – The colonial victory against the British that
turned the tide of the war because France openly supported and
aided the Continentals after the victory.
• Battle of Yorktown – The final major battle of the Revolutionary War
in which the Continental Army defeated Cornwallis and the British
army with the aid of the French Navy.
Issues facing the development of the New Government and suggestions
for its governance at the Constitutional Convention of 1787
• Small State Concerns: Large states would be able to control the smaller states leaving them with no choice but to be
ruled by the powerful states. Different issues and concerns.
• Large State Concerns: The small states would influence them and try to run them. Different issues and concerns.
• Also concerns between the North and South: Slavery and war debt.
• Madison/Virginia Plan: Bicameral Government (2 house, lower and upper) based on population.
• New Jersey/Patterson: Plan: One house, equal vote per state.
• Great Compromise/Sherman: 2 houses, one based on population and one for each state. A mixture of both plans.
• Three-fifths Compromise: What to do about slaves, count or not. Decided to count slave as 3/5ths of a person.
The New Government Under the Constitution
• Two house legislature (bicameral)
• AKA: Congress
• Make the laws
• House of Representatives
• Members elected every 2 years
• Representation based upon state population
• Senate
• Members elected every 6 years
• Representation based upon equal representation for each state (2 senators per state)
• Executive Branch (President)
• Carry out/enforce the laws created by Congress
• Judicial Branch
• Interpret the laws (judicial review)
• Supreme Court
Precedents are established by previous leaders or people who are FIRST
• Washington since he was the first President was responsible for
setting many precedents:
• Cabinet
• 2 terms
• Neutrality in foreign affairs
• Federal court system
• Certain pomp and
Embargo’s are often used to control trade but can have a detrimental influence on countries.
• Embargo Act of 1807 by Jefferson was the first by the US
• Led to economic suffering due to lack of trade with other countries,
specifically Great Britain and France.
• New England industrial region hurt the most by the Embargo Act of 1807
Erie Canal Impact
• The building of the canal was the largest construction project in the Western
Hemisphere up to that time.
• This enables NY to become the trade capital of the US and eventually the World.
• The canal connected the middle of the country to the GREAT LAKES>Hudson
River>NYC.
• This enables FASTER, EASIER, and CHEAPER trade for resources for Mid Western
farmers, merchants, and consumers!
Reasons States pressed for Nullification
• Many states felt they were losing their ability to control.
• The issue of “States Rights.”
• Much of it was to do with tariffs and the rights of states to have slaves.
Manifest Destiny was
• Coined as a term to illustrate the U.S. belief that it was their God
given right to claim all the lands from coast to coast.
• Western Expansion
•
•
•
•
Louisiana Purchase
Mexican Cession
Gadsden Purchase
Acquisition of Hawaii, Alaska, Oregon, and Washington
• Creation of a Transcontinental Railroad (begun during the Civil War)
Causes of the Civil War
• There were many causes leading to the Civil War not one was the main issue
but a combination of them all caused the Southern States to succeed which
led to War.
• Feeling of loss of State’s Rights over the issue of slavery in the western
territories and the abolitionist movement.
•
•
•
•
•
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Kansas Nebraska Act – “Bleeding Kansas”
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
• Lincoln’s election in 1860
• What was the goal and purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
• To inform the South there was no “turning back,” slavery was
going to end with the war.
• To give a purpose of the war to the North.
• To show Europe (mostly France and England) that the issue of
slavery was dead once the war is over. Also to prevent them
from supporting the South.
• To free the slaves in all Confederate held territories.
Key Battles of the Civil War
• Fort Sumter – First shots of the war fired between the Union and the
Confederacy.
• Battle of First Manassas (Bull run) – first major battle between the Confederate
and Union armies, showed this war would be long and bloody.
• Battle of Antietam – Confederates first invasion of the North, a tactical victory for
the Union. It was the bloodiest SINGLE day of the Civil War.
• Battle of Gettysburg – Confederates second invasion of the North, this battle is
often viewed as the turning point of the war. It was a three day battle won by the
Union, the Confederacy would never go on the offensive again.
• Battle of Vicksburg – A month long siege of the city of Vicksburg on the
Mississippi River. It was won by the Union, marking the complete control of the
Mississippi River cutting the Confederacy in two.
• Appomattox Court House (Saylor’s Creek) – Final battle of the Civil War, Robert E.
Lee surrenders the Confederate Army to General Ulysses S. Grant.
The Compromise of 1877 was meant to do what?
• To solve the election of 1876 between Hayes and Tilden. In giving Hayes
the disputed electoral votes the Democrats wanted conditions met.
• Removal of Federal Troops from LA+SC
• Money to build a RR from TX to CA (Gadsden Purchase Land)
• Money to improve rivers and harbors in the south.
• Officially ended Reconstruction
Feelings in the South after the Civil War resulted
• Resulted in resentment and negative attitudes towards
blacks/slaves.
• Attitudes due to customs, feelings, beliefs towards blacks.
• Originally Black Codes which limited and restricted blacks from
many rights such as traveling, serving on a jury, owning guns and
property, and set restrictions as to relations with whites.
• Jim Crow Laws came about from racially divisive groups.
Early US Immigration
• The majority of Immigrants to the US came from Europe in most of
the 1800 and 1900’s.
• After the Civil War Immigration changed to Eastern and Southern
Europe from Western and Northern Europe.
Teddy Roosevelt's lasting Legacy could be
• The development of the Panama Canal
• The first President to use the office as a Bully Pulpit
• Expansion of the US Navy and the influence of the Military
• Breaking up of Trusts (monopolies)
• Setting aside US lands for conservation and National Parks.
American Imperialism
• Imperialism is: when a stronger/larger/more dominant
country controls or extends it’s
• Political
• Military
• Economic
• Trade
• Power and Influence
-How did the assembly line and mass production change the
production process, was that good, and how did that change society?
• Lowered the price of goods, increased productivity,
improved efficiency, made things faster and cheaper.
• Eventually this lowered costs of making goods- and
created a streamline process.
• Even more specialized.
• Now people could have more: faster, easier, and
cheaper!
League of Nations
• Started at the end of WWI at suggestion of Wilson
• An organization to arbitrate issues between countries and to
prevent conflicts.
• The US Senate would not approve the US joining the organization
due to the fear of us losing our sovereign status.
• Also the senate (who approves treaties) did not believe we should
be involved with affairs of other countries.
The 20’s was a time of dramatic change in the US
• Traditional values along with the new exploration and knowledge of science
clashed.
• Creating a conflict of cultures.
Describe what the Dust Bowl was and how it impacted America/World:
• Impacted the Midwest ( KS,CO, MT,WY,OK, NM,NE, ND,SD, TX),
10 States, drought of 7 years.
• Over farming the land.
• Excessive grazing of cattle destroying natural wind blocks
• High winds.
• Drought.
• Many farmers moved because they lost their farms
• Example of this plight is a famous book by John Steinbeck:
Grapes of Wrath.
What were some arguments against the New Deal and why
• Some felt it gave government too much control over the county, the
people and the economy.
• It was imposing too much power in the Federal Government.
• Not the role of the government.
• FDR’s attempt to “pack the court” (Supreme Court)
Ending of the Depression and WWII
• There are many arguments as to what ended the Great Depression.
• Some give credit to the New Deal Programs and some to the World War.
• Even though the US entered the War late, many of the industries in the
US benefited from War Production as early as 1940.
Importance of D Day
• June 6, 1944
• Allied invasion of France by sea and air
• It broke the Atlantic Wall
• Opened a second front for the Allies in the war (made Russia happy)
-Decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Rationalization
• The government believed dropping the bomb was necessary because the island of
Japan had never been successfully invaded by any country, and the strong fighting
of the Japanese on many of the smaller islands made US leaders believe it would
cost many thousands of lives on both sides to attempt to invade the main island.
• The war would be prolonged by the invasion.
• The US warned the leaders of Japan that we had a bomb that would cause massive
destruction but they ignored our suggestions.
• Some people believe dropping the bomb was the wrong decision because of the
destruction it caused in Japan.
Containment is
• When the US tried to control and contain communism after WWII
• Some of the means were to give nations who could be vulnerable economic
support and/or military aid.
• This became very evident after WWII especially in Europe, the Middle East
and parts of Asia.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO
• Signed in 1949 as a Military Alliance.
• Stating that if any outside state (country) attacked one of the members
the others would defend the attacked.
• Originally 12 members (including the US), Mostly in Europe.
• Today it has 28 members and not all necessarily touching the Atlantic.
• Underlying goal was really to prevent the spread of communism.
Eisenhower’s Farewell Address
• Understand how and why this speech is important when looking at US
Government and its relationship with the Military.
• Military Industrial Complex – government’s alliance between the
military and the nations defense industry in order to influence public
policy.
• Eisenhower warned to be wary of this type of alliance, felt it could be
too strong and have too much influence if not carefully monitored.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• This act eased many of the “Jim Crow” laws on registering minority voters.
• It also allowed Federal Officials to monitor elections.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Resolution passed by Congress in Aug. 7, 1964
• Gave the president unlimited powers in the effort to stop communism
in Southeast Asia.
• This was given to Johnson (LBJ) by a Democratic controlled Congress.
• Ships were attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin on August 2+4, 1964
The underlying issue of Watergate was
• Laws are meant to be followed by all
• No one is above the law.
• No one branch of government is above another
What was the symbol of the Cold War and what symbolized the
collapse of the USSR reign?
• The Berlin Wall symbolized the oppressive, Communist rule of the
USSR/Soviet Empire.
• When it fell it symbolized the reign of that power was over and along
with it the end of the Cold War.
AZ Constitution on Direct Democracy
• Voters can propose laws through initiatives and/or propositions.
• These can be decided on by the people without State Legislative control
or influence.
Arizona was originally denied admittance to the US why?
• AZ had a recall provision for judges, and politicians.
• AZ allowed for ballot initiatives and propositions to become law without
Legislative approval.
Does public opinion have influence on government?
• The demonstrations in the 60’s showed that policy and laws can be
influenced by public opinion.