Transcript Causes of Civil War

MOVING FORWARD!
(AND WESTWARD)
5th grade History at Nickajack!
THE USA IN 1787
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When the US
Constitution was
written, the United
States was made up
of 13 states that
were the original
colonies. Let’s color
those in on our map!
ORDER OF JOINING THE USA?
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Deleware 12-7-1787
Pennsylvania 12-12-1787
New Jersey 12-18-1787
Georgia 1-2-1788
Connecticut 1-9-1788
Massachusetts 2-6-1788
Maryland 4-28-1788
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South Carolina 5-23-1788
New Hampshire 6-21-1788
Virginia 6-25-1788
New York 7-26-1788
North Carolina 11-21-1789
Rhode Island 5-29-1790
ADDING NEW STATES!
The US Population began to grow, and with lots
of territory to the west, the US began to grow in
size.
 New states were being added as citizens moved
west. We called this westward expansion.
 Other states had to be conquered. The Spanish
and Native Americans held lands in North
America still.
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VERMONT - 14
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Vermont joined the Union in 1791
KENTUCKY - 15
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Kentucky joined the Union on June 1, 1792
TENNESSEE – 16
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Tennessee joined the union on June 1, 1796
GEORGE WASHINGTON
He was the first President of United States –
 He served from 1789-1797
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11TH AMENDMENT
In 1795, the 11th amendment was added to the
Constitution.
 The Judicial power of the United States shall
not be construed to extend to any suit in law or
equity, commenced or prosecuted against one
of the United States by Citizens of another
State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
State.
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JON ADAMS
He was the second President of the USA
 He served from 1797-1801
 First president to live in the White House
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12TH AMENDMENT
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The 12th amendment changed the way we vote
for the President and vice president. The
electoral race of 1800 was an embarrassment,
and the constitution needed changed.
OHIO – 17
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Ohio joined the Union on March 1, 1803.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
He was the Third President of the USA
 He served from 1801-1809
 Jefferson approved the Louisiana Purchase of
1803, which nearly doubled the size of the U.S
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LOUISIANA PURCHASE
The U.S. paid fifty
million francs
($11,250,000 USD)
and a cancellation
of debts worth
eighteen million
francs ($3,750,000
USD) for a total of
sixty-eight million
francs ($15,000,000
USD, or around a
quarter of a billion
in 2016 dollars).
LOUISIANA - 18
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Louisiana joined the Union on April, 30 1812
INDIANA – 19
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Indiana joined the union on December 11,
1816
MISSISSIPPI – 20
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Mississippi joined the union December 10,
1817
JAMES MADISON
He was the 4th President of the USA
 He served from 1809-1817
 Madison presided over the War of 1812 with
Britain, during which the White House was
burned. The war ended in a draw.
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WAR OF 1812
England came back
to try to take back its
land from the USA!
There were many
naval battles, and
the white house was
burned down by
English Forces.
ILLINOIS - 21
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Illinois joined the union on December 3, 1818
ALABAMA - 22
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Alabama joined the union on December 14,
1819
MAINE - 23
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Maine joined the union on March 15, 1820
MISSOURI - 24
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Missouri joined the Union on August 10, 1821
JAMES MONROE
He was the 5th President of the USA
 He served from 1817-1825
 He formulated the Monroe Doctrine, which
declared the Americas off-limits to European
meddling.
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JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
He was the 6th President of the USA.
 He served from 1825-1829
 John Adams and John Quincy Adams were the
first father and son to have served as
Presidents.
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ARKANSAS - 25
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Arkansas joined the union om June 15, 1836
MICHIGAN - 26
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Michigan joined the Union on January 26, 1837
ANDREW JACKSON
He was the 7th US President
 He served from 1829-1837
 Dubbed "Old Hickory" because he was so
tough, Jackson greatly expanded the powers of
the Presidency.
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MARTIN VAN BUREN
He was the 8th President of the United States
 He served from 1837-1841
 Van Buren was the first President to be born an
American citizen, rather than a British subject.
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WILLIAN HENRY HARRISON
He was the 9th President of the USA
 He served the year 1841 – died of Pneumonia
 Harrison delivered a marathon inaugural
speech during which he caught a cold. He died
a month later.
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JOHN TYLER
John was the 10th US President
 He served from 1841-1845
 Took over for Harrison. Tyler had 15 children,
more than any President.
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FLORIDA - 27
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Florida joined the Union on March 3, 1845
TEXAS - 28
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Texas joined the union on December 29, 1845
JAMES K POLK
He was the 11th President of the USA
 He served from 1845-1849
 He presided over the Mexican War, which
added Texas, California, and other territory to
the U.S.
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MEXICAN WAR
Zachary Taylor was a general
in this war.
General Antonio López de
Santa Anna, doublé crossed
President Polk in the war.
At the end of the war Mexico
recognized the U.S.
annexation of Texas, and
agreed to sell California and
the rest of its territory north
of the Rio Grande for $15
million plus the assumption
of certain damages claims.
IOWA - 29
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Iowa joined the union on December, 1846
WISCONSIN 30
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Wisconsin joined the union on May 29, 1848
CALIFORNIA - 31
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California joined the union on September 9, 1850
ZACHARY TAYLOR
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He was the 11th President of the
USA.
He served from 1849-1850
Taylor won fame as a general in
the Mexican War. His soldiers
called him "Old Rough and Ready."
Taylor threatened to use force to
keep the South from leaving the
Union. After his death, a
compromise allowed slavery to
continue in the South.
MILLARD FILLMORE
Was the 13th president of the USA
 He served from 1850-1853
 Fillmore approved the Compromise of 1850,
allowing slavery in the South. But neither North
nor South was happy with it, and Fillmore was
blamed for the law's failure.
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FRANKLIN PIERCE
He was the 14th US President
 He Served from 1853-1857
 Pierce supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act,
which gutted the Compromise of 1850.
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JAMES BUCHANAN
He was the 15th US President
 He served from 1857-1861
 Buchanan tried in vain to find a compromise to
keep the South from seceding from the Union,
but failed.
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MINNESOTA 32
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Minnesota joined the Union on May 11, 1859
OREGON - 33
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Oregon joined the union on February 14, 1859
KANSAS - 34
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Kansas joined the union on January 29, 1861
just a few months before the civil war began.
WEST VIRGINIA -35
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West Virginia became a state during the civil
war when the Alegheny region counties split off
from Virginia.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
He was the 16th US President
 He served from 1861-1865
 Lincoln led the Union into the Civil War to
preserve the nation and end slavery. He was
assassinated just five days after the
Confederate armies surrendered.
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North vs. South
There were larger cities and
towns - Urban way of life
People live of farms
People work in factories
Did not like lowering tariffs
on goods imported from
other counties.
Slavery was mostly
outlawed
There were more Small
towns and farms - Rural
way of life
More people work on farms
Experiencing
Sectionalism
Happy about lowering tariffs
on goods imported from
other countries.
Slavery was allowed
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SLAVERY…WHY HAVE IT?
THE SOUTH’S POINT OF VIEW
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Slaves grew lots of crops
such as cotton, tobacco, and
rice.
Slavery was profitable to the
economy.
The goods an enslaved
person produced brought in
twice as much money as the
cost of owning the slave.
Slaves were better off than
factory workers. (bad
conditions; long hours, little
pay)
THE NORTH’S POINT OF VIEW
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Abolitionists believed it was
wrong for one human to own
another.
Many slaves were
mistreated.
Slaves did not have the same
rights as a free white man.
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THE LIFE OF A SLAVE
No choices
 No control over who
bought them
 Beaten or abused
 Families were broken apart
 No control over their life
 Slave Codes – laws to control the behavior of
slaves
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If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
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RESISTING SLAVERY
Refuse to obey or work
 Work slowly or pretend to be sick
 Broke tools that
were needed
 Learn to read or write
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SLAVE REBELLIONS
Nat Turner
 Amistad
 Underground
Railroad
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If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
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THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820
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THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
“I’ll give you California if you pass the Fugitive
Slave Law”
If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
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KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
“BLEEDING KANSAS”
Nebraska and Kansas were
located north of the Missouri
Compromise line.
To be fair, they allowed the
people living in each territory to
vote to be a slave state or a free
state.
People from other states rushed
to settle in Kansas so that they
could vote. Violence broke out!
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A DIVIDED COUNTRY
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
written by Harriet Beecher
Stowe
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A DIVIDED COUNTRY
John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry
If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
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A NEW PRESIDENT
“We must not
be enemies”
-Lincoln
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AND SO IT BEGINS…
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THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR
The Battle of Fort Sumter
 Confederacy victory
 As a result, Lincoln calls
for troops to take down
the Confederacy.
 Virginia, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and
North Carolina seceded.

If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
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Fort Sumter
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The North
 The North produced
more than 90% of the
country’s weapons,
cloth, shoes, and iron.
 They had far more
railroads, canals, and
roads.
 They had more $$$
The South
 They believed that their
more rural way of life
would better prepare
soldiers.
 They had a history of
producing military
leaders
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WAR STRATEGIES
The North
 Three Step Plan
by Winfield Scott
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1. blockade of the Atlantic
and Gulf coasts.
2. Capture territory along
the Mississippi River.
3. Anaconda Plan - Attack
the Confederacy from the
east and west squeezing
them like a snake.
© One Stop Teacher Shop
If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
WAR STRATEGIES
The South
 They believed they only had to
defend their territory until the
Northerners got tired and
gave up.
 They believed Britain would
assist them in the war
because they depended on
their cotton.
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EARLY BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR
The First Battle of Bull Run
 At first the Union was winning.
 Confederate soldiers began to turn back.
 Their General told them to hold their place like a “stone wall”.
 He became known as Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
 The Confederacy won this battle.
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Bull Run
Fort Sumter
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EARLY BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR
The Battle of Antietam
 General Robert E. Lee lead the Confederacy
 Lee was asked to join the Union army, but refused.
 This was an important victory for the Union.
 After losing this battle, Great Britain stopped
supporting the Confederacy.
If the pink gorilla eats watermelon
every night, how much watermelons
does he eat?
© One Stop Teacher Shop
Antietam
Bull Run
Fort Sumter
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LIFE DURING THE WAR
Soldiers
•Physically hard day-to-day life
•Little supplies
•Drafts
African Americans
•First allowed to join the Union army in 1862
•Emancipation Proclamation - 1863
Women
•Ran farms and businesses
•Became teachers and office workers
•Became involved in the war – spies, nurses, gathered supplies
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THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
 Union victory
 Turned the tide of the war in favor of the Union.
 Lincoln’s speech “The Gettysburg Address”
inspired the Union to keep fighting
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Gettysburg
Antietam
Bull Run
Fort Sumter
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THE TIDES TURN
The Battle of Vicksburg
 Union was lead by Ulysses S. Grant.
 This battle cut the Confederacy in two using a
blockade and taking control over the Mississippi
River.
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Gettysburg
Antietam
Bull Run
Fort Sumter
Vicksburg
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SHERMAN’S MARCH TO SEA
Total War – to destroy not just the opposing army but
the people’s will to fight.
 Marched 300 miles toward Savannah, Georgia.
 60 mile-wide path of destruction.
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Gettysburg
Antietam
Bull Run
Fort Sumter
Sherman’s March
Vicksburg
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THE CONFEDERACY SURRENDERS
Where: Appomattox Court House, Virginia
 When: April 9, 1865
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“The war is over; the
rebels are our countrymen
again.”
-Ulysses S. Grant
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THE END
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