Transcript After Test
• Create a crossword puzzle using the words below • Do NOT fill it in leave it blank • Include blank boxes and clues below! • Words: – Free State, Slave State, Missouri Compromise, Emancipation, Mississippi Colonization Society, States’ Rights, Tariff, Nullify, Compromise of 1850, Popular Sovereignty, Secession, Emancipation Proclamation, Abraham Lincoln, John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant Secession and Civil War Do Now We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness……. Preamble to Constitution • Was this true prior to 1865 in Mississippi? • Was the Constitution of the United States appropriate for all citizens? • How do you think Congress could justify their actions of slavery. The Slavery Issue • The labor for producing cotton was provided mainly by slaves • The issue of slavery was so controversial that is was rarely mentioned • The words slave and slavery are not even found in the Constitution • By 1819, however, slavery had become the primary issue of the United States Slave or Free????? • In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought a huge area west of the Mississippi River from France – Louisiana Purchase • Could these new states have slavery? Or will they be free? • In 1819, the United States had 22 states, evenly divided between free states and slave states • The Ohio River was the dividing line that marked the slave states that were in the South Missouri Compromise • Missouri applied to be a slave state in the Union • Should Congress allow this??? • The “Compromise”: Maine would be admitted as a free state and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state • Keeping the weight evenly distributed, no one group over powered the other Anti-Slavery Movement • The American Colonization Society was formed and it supported the emancipation of slaves • It also supported removing them to Africa • The nation of Liberia was created out of the organization • Some Mississippians supported this cause. They organized into the Mississippi Colonization Society in 1831 • Persuaded blacks to move to Africa States’ Rights vs. Federal Government • The issue of states’ rights threatened the union – The right of individual states should prevail over the rights of the federal government • In the early 1800s, Congress passed several protective tariffs (tax on imports) – Kept out competition and raised prices of goods in US • John Calhoun, vice president of the US, said that a state could nullify a federal law – Prevent enforcement of federal law • Nullification could help the south keep slavery • Congress eventually came up with a compromise to reduce the tariffs but it also passed a law that denied the states the right to nullify a law Territorial Expansion…. Slavery Expansion??? • After the Mexican American War in 1846, the United States gained land – Slavery question pops up again • Compromise of 1850: California would be admitted as a free state and slavery in some western territories were determined by popular sovereignty (vote by people living there) • Thought that this compromise had settled the slavery issue • In 1854, a war broke out in Kansas as slavery and anti-slavery fought each other over control of the stateBLEEDING KANSAS! • Dred Scott Case- 1857: Dred Scott was a slave who sued his owner for his freedom – Supreme Court decided that slaves could not use the courts because they were property-Led to Republican Party being formed • The Republican Party was formed to oppose the expansion of slavery Mississippi’s Reaction to New Ideas….. Secession • Southerners, especially Mississippians, were distressed over these events. • They had fought and died for the US but they felt they needed to defend their way of life which depended on slavery • Secession began to be felt as the only way to prevent the abolition of slavery aka peculiar institution • John Quitman, who favored secession (leaving the Union) was elected governor in MS • Most Mississippians wanted to stay in the Union • The next governors race in 1851, was between Quitman and Henry Foote (Union Party) was mainly over the issue of “union” or “secession • Quitman dropped out of the race when he saw what MS people wanted but Jefferson Davis, who felt secession was the only answer, entered the race • Foote wins! But does not stay long • In the late 1850s, the possibility of the election of a Republican president raised fears about the future • Remember… Republicans opposed slavery • In 1859, John Jones Pettus, who was a supporter of secession was elected governor in MS. Song Writers!!! • In groups of three you will write a song (yes you will present and yes you will sing it!) • I will assign you a topic to write about… • This can be any kind of genre you would like to perform • Be creative and informational!!!!! Secession • Lincoln wins presidency in 1860 • South Carolina then proceeds to secede from the Union • Mississippi governor John Jones Pettus calls the legislature into session • Most delegates favored secession • 84 of the 99 get to be voted for secession • Mississippi was the second state to secede • Followed by Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas • The states that seceded sent representatives to Montgomery, Alabama and there they formed the Confederate States of America – Aka… The Confederacy • Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederacy • States’ rights and slavery were protected under the constitution • First capital was Montgomery, AL Attack on Fort Sumter • Controlled by the US troops but surrounded by Confederate forces • War began in April 1861 in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina • Lincoln sent supplies to the fort, South Carolina attacked the fort and captured it • Lincoln called to put down the rebellion • Four more states then seceded: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas • Civil War had begun Northern and Southern Advantages North: 1. More men. 2. More industry. 3. More railroads. 4. Already existing military. South: 1. Fighting to defend their homeland. 2. Knowledge of the terrain (landscape). Northern and Southern Strategies North: 1. Capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the Confederacy. 2. Divide and conquer – split the Confederacy into three sections. 3. Blockade the south – use their navy to close southern ports. South: 1. Hold their own until European countries come to their aid. Breaking News!!!!!!!! • You are to create a Newscast on the events that led up to the Civil War. • What would the news be about and how would it be? • Choose a side: Confederacy or Union!!! • Must include: “Major stories”, “On the Scene reporting”, Extras: weather, sports, etc… • Use the your phone to record this Newspaper Article • THE CIVIL WAR HAS JUST STARTED!!!! • You are a journalist for the Clarion Ledger – Create a front page article detailing the events that led to the war beginning. – Include a SENSATIONAL headline… Make me want to read your article by the headline!! – This has to be no less than 250 words and no more than 300 words – Include one image!! (color this image!)