Transcript ComOrg

Overview
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Introduction
The Level of Abstraction
Organization & Architecture
Structure & Function
Why study computer organization?
Introduction
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We will study the design, structure
and internal organization of computer
system.
It can be studied at many levels of
abstraction.
What is Computer?
Computer
a fast electronic calculating machine,
which accepts digitized input
information, process it according to a
program, stored in its memory, and
produces the resultant output
information.
The Automobile
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Driver
Automobile mechanic
Automobile designer
Automobile engineer
Chemist or Metallurgist
Level of Abstraction
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Operating systems level
Programming language level
Functional organization level
Computer science
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Hardware design level
Electrical engineering
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The laws of physics
Physics
Level of Abstraction
Operating System Level
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Deals with :
Packages, jobs, canned routines
Computer view :
A black box that solves problems
Level of Abstraction
Programming language level
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Deals with :
Programs, statements, loops, conditions
Computer view :
A collection of problem-solving
primitives in a high-level language
Level of Abstraction
Functional organization level
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Deals with :
Memory, processors, I/O devices,
registers
Computer view :
A collection of major hardware
subsystems
Level of Abstraction
Hardware design level
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Deals with :
Gates, circuits, chips, boards
Computer view :
A collection of discrete electrical
components
Level of Abstraction
The laws of physics
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Deals with :
Electrons, atoms, magnetism
Computer view :
A physical system composed of
elemental particles
Organization & Architecture
Computer Architecture
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Those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer
Those attributes that have a direct impact
on the logical execution of a program
Example :- instruction set, I/O mechanism,
memory addressing techniques,number of
bits used for data representation.
Organization & Architecture
Computer Organization
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Those attributes include hardware details
transparent to the programmer.
The computer system’s resources.
Study structure and function of computer
component.
Example :-control signal, memory,
interface between components.
Structure and Function
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Structure : The way in which the
components are interrelated.
Function : The operation of each
individual component as part of the
structure.
Structure
Main structural components
 Processor
 Memory
 I/O
 System Interconnection
Function
Basic functions of computer
 Data Processing
 Data Storage
 Data Movement
 Control
Why study Comp. Organ.?
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Allow you to intelligently evaluate,
compare and select computer
equipment and peripherals.
Allow you to understand how to write
optimized and more efficient program.
Almost every branch of CS requires a
background in Comp. Organ.
Computer for sales
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Intel Pentium III 100 MHz
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128 MB SDRAM
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30 GB HDD
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48X CD-ROM
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56K Fax/Modem
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Intel 814E Chipset direct AGP
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17” WXGA
Computer for sales
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Intel® Core™ 2 Duo Processor T8100
(3MB L2 Cache, 2.1GHz, 800MHzFSB)
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3 GB DDR2 SDRAM
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320 GB Hard Drive
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DVD RW
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256MB ATI
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Bluetooth
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15.4” WXGA Display with TrueLife™
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Wireless 1397
Computer System
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Hardware
Software
People
Data
Computer System
Hardware
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(Computer Component)
Central Processing Unit
Memory Unit
Input/Output Unit
Storage devices
System buses
Computer System
Software
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System software
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Operating System :- Dos, Windows, Unix
Compiler
Application software
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Word Processing
Payroll System
Computer System
People
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End user
Programmer
System analyst
System administrator
Computer System
Data
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Data : Fact
Information : Process data
Data
Data Processing
Information
von Neumann architecture
All contemporary computer design are
base on three key concepts :
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Data and instructions are stored in a single
read-write memory.
The contents of this memory are addressable
by location
Execution occurs in a sequential fashion from
one instruction to the next
Programming in Hardware
Customized
Hardware
Data
Sequence of
Arithmetic
and Logic
Functions
Hardwired program
Results
Programming in Software
Instruction Codes
Instruction
Interpreter
Control signals
Data
General-Purpose
Arithmetic and
Logic Functions
software
Results