Transcript ComOrg
Overview
Introduction
The Level of Abstraction
Organization & Architecture
Structure & Function
Why study computer organization?
Introduction
We will study the design, structure
and internal organization of computer
system.
It can be studied at many levels of
abstraction.
What is Computer?
Computer
a fast electronic calculating machine,
which accepts digitized input
information, process it according to a
program, stored in its memory, and
produces the resultant output
information.
The Automobile
Driver
Automobile mechanic
Automobile designer
Automobile engineer
Chemist or Metallurgist
Level of Abstraction
Operating systems level
Programming language level
Functional organization level
Computer science
Hardware design level
Electrical engineering
The laws of physics
Physics
Level of Abstraction
Operating System Level
Deals with :
Packages, jobs, canned routines
Computer view :
A black box that solves problems
Level of Abstraction
Programming language level
Deals with :
Programs, statements, loops, conditions
Computer view :
A collection of problem-solving
primitives in a high-level language
Level of Abstraction
Functional organization level
Deals with :
Memory, processors, I/O devices,
registers
Computer view :
A collection of major hardware
subsystems
Level of Abstraction
Hardware design level
Deals with :
Gates, circuits, chips, boards
Computer view :
A collection of discrete electrical
components
Level of Abstraction
The laws of physics
Deals with :
Electrons, atoms, magnetism
Computer view :
A physical system composed of
elemental particles
Organization & Architecture
Computer Architecture
Those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer
Those attributes that have a direct impact
on the logical execution of a program
Example :- instruction set, I/O mechanism,
memory addressing techniques,number of
bits used for data representation.
Organization & Architecture
Computer Organization
Those attributes include hardware details
transparent to the programmer.
The computer system’s resources.
Study structure and function of computer
component.
Example :-control signal, memory,
interface between components.
Structure and Function
Structure : The way in which the
components are interrelated.
Function : The operation of each
individual component as part of the
structure.
Structure
Main structural components
Processor
Memory
I/O
System Interconnection
Function
Basic functions of computer
Data Processing
Data Storage
Data Movement
Control
Why study Comp. Organ.?
Allow you to intelligently evaluate,
compare and select computer
equipment and peripherals.
Allow you to understand how to write
optimized and more efficient program.
Almost every branch of CS requires a
background in Comp. Organ.
Computer for sales
Intel Pentium III 100 MHz
128 MB SDRAM
30 GB HDD
48X CD-ROM
56K Fax/Modem
Intel 814E Chipset direct AGP
17” WXGA
Computer for sales
Intel® Core™ 2 Duo Processor T8100
(3MB L2 Cache, 2.1GHz, 800MHzFSB)
3 GB DDR2 SDRAM
320 GB Hard Drive
DVD RW
256MB ATI
Bluetooth
15.4” WXGA Display with TrueLife™
Wireless 1397
Computer System
Hardware
Software
People
Data
Computer System
Hardware
(Computer Component)
Central Processing Unit
Memory Unit
Input/Output Unit
Storage devices
System buses
Computer System
Software
System software
Operating System :- Dos, Windows, Unix
Compiler
Application software
Word Processing
Payroll System
Computer System
People
End user
Programmer
System analyst
System administrator
Computer System
Data
Data : Fact
Information : Process data
Data
Data Processing
Information
von Neumann architecture
All contemporary computer design are
base on three key concepts :
Data and instructions are stored in a single
read-write memory.
The contents of this memory are addressable
by location
Execution occurs in a sequential fashion from
one instruction to the next
Programming in Hardware
Customized
Hardware
Data
Sequence of
Arithmetic
and Logic
Functions
Hardwired program
Results
Programming in Software
Instruction Codes
Instruction
Interpreter
Control signals
Data
General-Purpose
Arithmetic and
Logic Functions
software
Results