Transcript 00 - Introduction

Object Oriented Programming
(FIT-II)
J. H. Wang
Mar. 5, 2015
Instructor & TA
• Instructor
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J. H. Wang (王正豪)
Associate Professor, CSIE, NTUT
Office: R1534, Technology Building
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: ext. 4238
Office Hour: 9:00-12:00 am, every Tuesday and
Thursday
• TA
– Mr. Ku (at R1424, Technology Building)
Course Overview
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Course: Object Oriented Programming (FIT-II)
Time: 1:10-4:00pm, Friday
Place: R226, 6th Teaching Building
Textbook: Absolute C++, 5th edition, by Walter Savitch and Kenrick
Mock, Addison-Wesley, 2012. (開發)
– The 3rd or 4th edition is also acceptable (with some changes)
• References:
– How to Solve it: OOP, by Prof. Y. C. Cheng (in Chinese)
– C++ Primer, 5th edition, by Stanley B. Lippman, Josee Lajoie, and
Barbara E. Moo, Addison-Wesley, 2012.
– C++ How to Program, 8th edition, by Harvey Deitel and Paul Deitel,
Prentice Hall, 2012.
– The C++ Programming Language, 3rd edition, by Bjarne Stroustrup,
Addison-Wesley, 1997.
• Prerequisites:
– Basic computer skills (FIT-I basic)
– Working knowledge of high-level programming languages such as C
(FIT-I pro)
Target Audience
• For those who
– Might NOT major in CSIE but are interested in
programming techniques, and
– Have accomplished the courses in software
engineering track: FIT-I basic & FIT-I pro, and
– Are willing to prepare for intermediate and
advanced software engineering courses
Emphases of Teaching
• Basic concepts of the object-oriented
programming paradigm
• Hands-on experience of C++ programming
skills
• Introduction to problem solving techniques,
basic data structures and algorithm design
Teaching
• Lectures
• Quiz
– About 2 quizzes
– During the first month
• Homework and program assignments
– About 5 assignments
– Homework should be turned in within two
weeks
• Mid-term and final exam
(Tentative) Grading Policy
• Homework and program assignments:
~40%
• Quiz: ~10-15%
• Midterm: ~20-25%
• Final exam: ~25%
Goal
• Introducing object-oriented programming
concepts
– Fundamental constructs in OOP with C++
– Programming skills practices
– Basic concepts: encapsulation, polymorphism, …
• Preparing for advanced courses
– Application software design & object-oriented problem
solving
– Software engineering & project management
Tentative Schedule
• Organization of the textbook
– Review of computer programming (3-4 wks)
• Overview of Object Oriented Programming
• Ch. 1-5: programs, functions, parameters, flow of control,
arrays, structures
– OOP (focus) (10-12 wks)
• Ch. 6-8: classes, constructors, friends, references
• Ch. 9, 10, 12: More constructs: strings, pointers and dynamic
arrays, streams and file I/O
• Ch.14: Inheritance
• Ch.15: Polymorphism
– Generic programming (optional) (2 wks)
• Ch. 16: templates
• Ch. 17: Standard Template Library
Tentative Schedule (Cont’)
• Schedule
– Basically, 1 or 2 weeks per chapter
• The tentative schedule is subject to changes based on the
learning status
– Course Web Page:
http://www.ntut.edu.tw/~jhwang/OOP/
• Please check the latest announcements, homeworks,
exams, …
Program Development
Environment
• Free C++ Development Environments
– GCC on Linux/UNIX servers (ntut.edu.tw)
• Not friendly for beginners
– Windows-based
• Dev C++ (http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html): not maintained
– For further development, please check Orwell’s Engine
(http://orwellengine.blogspot.com/ )
– Other choices: wxDev-C++ by Colin Laplace et. al.
• Cygwin (http://www.cygwin.com/): UNIX-like emulation on Windows
• MinGW (http://www.mingw.org/)
• Commercial tools
– Microsoft Visual C++
– Borland C++
– …
Homework Submission
• Online submission instructions
– Programs and homeworks in electronic files must be
submitted to the TA online:
• Submission site: http://mslin.ee.ntut.edu.tw/
• Account: At your first login, please use your student IS as the
account and password. Remember to change the password as
soon as possible for better security.
• Filename: Please compress your source codes into one file,
and name it according to your ID and each homework. For
example, [id]_HW1.zip or [id]_quiz2.rar.
• If the submission website fails, the NTUT Network
Campus might be used for homework submission
Programming Paradigms
• Low-level vs. high-level programming
languages – relative concepts
– Machine vs. human
• Styles of computer programming
– Procedural programming
– Object-oriented programming
– Functional programming
– Logic programming
–…
Low-level vs. High-level
Programming Languages
• Low-level:
– Machine code
– Assembly
• High-level: (abstraction from the computer
details)
– Basic, C, Java, Pascal, C++, Perl, Python, …
Styles of Computer Programming
• Procedural programming
– Imperative: procedures, routines, subroutines,
methods, or functions
• Object-oriented programming
• Functional programming
– Mathematical functions
– E.g. Lisp, Erlang, Haskell, …
• Logic programming
– Logic: facts, rules
– E.g. Prolog
• …
Examples (1/5)
• Problem: To calculate Fibonacci numbers
– Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 , n>=2
F0 = 0, F1 = 1
• How to program?
– (The following examples are adapted from
Wikipedia.)
Examples (2/5)
• Functional: (Haskell)
– fib 0 = 0
fib 1 = 1
fib n = fib (n-1) + fib (n-2)
– Or
fib first second = first : fib second
(first+second)
fibonacci = fib 0 1
main = print (fibonacci !! 10)
Examples (3/5)
• Procedural: (C)
– int fib(int n)
{
int first = 0, second = 1;
for (int i=0, i<n; i++)
{
int sum = first+second;
first = second;
second = sum;
}
return first;
}
Examples (4/5)
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Assembly: (in x86 using MASM syntax)
– mov edx, [esp+8]
cmp edx, 0
ja @f
mov eax, 0
ret
@@: cmp edx, 2
ja @f
mov eax, 1
ret
@@: push ebx
mov ebx, 1
mov ecx, 1
@@: lea eax, [ebx+ecx]
cmp edx, 3
jbe @f
mov ebx, ecx
mov ecx, eax
dec edx
jmp @b
@@: pop ebx
ret
Examples (5/5)
• Machine code: (a function in 32-bit x86)
– 8B542408 83FA0077 06B80000 0000C383
FA027706 B8010000 00C353BB 01000000
B9010000 008D0419 83FA0376 078BD98B
C84AEBF1 5BC3
OOP: Basic Concepts
• Encapsulation
– Object
• Instance of class
– Members
• Attributes
• Methods
• Abstraction
– Composition
• E.g.: car
– Inheritance
• E.g.: insects vs. ants, bees, …
• Polymorphism
– Many meanings for one function
OOP: Why C++?
• OO programming language: Why C++?
– C++: general purpose programming language with a
bias towards systems programming that [from Bjarne
Stroustrup’s homepage]
• Is a better C
• Supports data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and
generic programming
– C++ has
• Many users
• Wide applications
– Others: Smalltalk, Java, …
Some Comparisons
• Three parts in C++
– Low-level language: largely inherited from C
• Data types, flow of control, functions, arrays,
pointers, …
– Advanced language features: to define our
own data types (major difference)
• Class, inheritance, polymorphism, template,
exception, …
– Standard library: some useful data structures
and algorithms
• Containers, iterators, …
Different Learning Approaches
• When to introduce “objects”: differences
among some textbooks
– C++ How to Program: “early objects”
approach
• “late objects” approach also available
– C++ Primer: “early objects”, covering basics
and library together
– Absolute C++: intermediate
– The C++ Programming Language: “The Bible”,
as a reference
• What to learn
– Object-oriented concepts via OO language
constructs
• Bottom-up: class, inheritance, polymorphism, …
– constructors, operators, destructors -> type
– E.g.: Lego
– Problem-solving methodology
• Top-down: problem, understanding, designing,
implementation, testing
– Case-based: problem -> solution (algorithm)
– E.g.: divide-and-conquer, U-D-C-L (in How-to-Solve-it:
OOP), …
How to Prepare Yourself?
• Practice, practice, practice…
– Exercises on textbooks and reference books
– Online resources: programming exercises,
forums, …
– Programming examination: CPE (Collegiate
Programming Examination), …
– Programming contests
• ACM ICPC (International Collegiate Programming
Contest)
• IOI (International Olympiad in Informatics)
• Domestic: e-tutor, …
• …
Thanks for Your Attention!