Transcript Chapter 1: Introduction

Database System Concept (5th Ed)
Book Overview
Database System Concepts, 5th Ed.
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
See www.db-book.com for conditions on re-use
Overview (Chapter 1).
 Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the nature and purpose of
database systems.
 We explain how the concept of a database system has developed,
what the common features of database systems are, what a database
system does for the user, and how a database system interfaces with
operating systems.
 We also introduce an example database application: a banking
enterprise consisting of multiple bank branches.
 This example is used as a running example throughout the book. This
chapter is motivational, historical, and explanatory in nature.
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Part 1: Relational databases
(Chapters 2 through 5).
 Chapter 2 introduces the relational model of data, covering basic
concepts as well as the relational algebra. The chapter also provides a
brief introduction to integrity constraints.
 Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the most influential of the user-oriented
relational languages: SQL. While Chapter 3 provides a basic
introduction to SQL,
 Chapter 4 describes more advanced features of SQL, including how to
interface between a programming language and a database
supporting SQL.
 Chapter 5 covers other relational languages, including the relational
calculus, QBE and Datalog. The chapters in this part describe data
manipulation: queries, updates, insertions, and deletions, assuming a
schema design has been provided. Schema design issues are
deferred to Part 2.
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Part 2: Database Design
(Chapters 6 through 8).
 Chapter 6 provides an overview of the database-design process, with major
emphasis on database design using the entity-relationship data model. The entityrelationship data model provides a high-level view of the issues in database design,
and of the problems that we encounter in capturing the semantics of realistic
applications within the constraints of a data model. UML class-diagram notation is
also covered in this chapter.
 Chapter 7 introduces the theory of relational-database design. The theory of
functional dependencies and normalization is covered, with emphasis on the
motivation and intuitive understanding of each normal form. This chapter begins
with an overview of relational design and relies on an intuitive understanding of
logical implication of functional dependencies. This allows the concept of
normalization to be introduced prior to full coverage of functional-dependency
theory, which is presented later in the chapter. Instructors may chose to use only
this initial coverage in Sections 7.1 through 7.3 without loss of continuity. Instructors
covering the entire chapter will benefit from students having a good understanding
of normalization concepts to motivate some of the challenging concepts of
functional-dependency theory.
 Chapter 8 covers application design and development. This chapter emphasizes
the construction of database applications with Web-based used interfaces. In
addition, the chapter covers application security.
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Part 3: Object-based databases and XML
(Chapters 9 and 10).
 Chapter 9 covers object-based databases. The chapter describes the
object-relational data model, which extends the relational data model
to support complex data types, type inheritance, and object identity.
The chapter also describes database access from object-oriented
programming languages.
 Chapter 10 covers the XML standard for data representation, which is
seeing increasing use in the exchange and storage of complex data.
The chapter also describes query languages for XML.
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Part 4: Data storage and querying
(Chapters 11 through 14).
 Chapter 11 deals with disk, file, and file-system structure. A variety of
data-access techniques are presented in Chapter 12, including
hashing and B+ tree indices.
 Chapters 13 and 14 address query-evaluation algorithms, and query
optimization. These chapters provide an understanding of the internals
of the storage and retrieval components of a database.
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Part 5: Transaction management
(Chapters 15 through 17).
 Chapter 15 focuses on the fundamentals of a transaction-processing
system, including transaction atomicity, consistency, isolation, and
durability, as well as the notion of serializability.
 Chapter 16 focuses on concurrency control and presents several
techniques for ensuring serializability, including locking, timestamping,
and optimistic (validation) techniques. The chapter also covers
deadlock issues.
 Chapter 17 covers the primary techniques for ensuring correct
transaction execution despite system crashes and disk failures. These
techniques include logs, checkpoints, and database dumps.
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Part 6: Data Mining and Information Retrieval
(Chapters 18 and 19).
 Chapter 18 introduces the concept of a data warehouse and explains
data mining and online analytical processing (OLAP), including
SQLNN support for OLAP and data warehousing.
 Chapter 19 describes information retrieval techniques for querying
textual data, including hyperlink-based techniques used in Web search
engines. Part 6 uses the modeling and language concepts from Parts
1 and 2, but does not depend on Parts 3, 4, or 5. It can therefore be
incorporated easily into a course that focuses on SQL and on
database design.
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Part 7: Database system architecture
(Chapters 20 through 22).
 Chapter 20 covers computer-system architecture, and describes the
influence of the underlying computer system on the database system.
We discuss centralized systems, client-server systems, parallel and
distributed architectures, and network types in this chapter.
 Chapter 21, on parallel databases explores a variety of parallelization
techniques, including I/O parallelism, interquery and intraquery
parallelism, and interoperation and intraoperation parallelism. The
chapter also describes parallel-system design.
 Chapter 22 covers distributed database systems, revisiting the issues
of database design, transaction management, and query evaluation
and optimization, in the context of distributed databases. The chapter
also covers issues of system availability during failures and describes
the LDAP directory system.
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Part 8: Other topics
(Chapters 23 through 25).

Chapter 23 covers performance benchmarks, performance tuning and
standardization.
 Chapter 24 covers advanced data types and new applications,
including temporal data, spatial and geographic data, multimedia data,
and issues in the management of mobile and personal databases.
 Finally, Chapter 25 deals with advanced transaction processing. We
discuss transaction-processing monitors, high-performance
transaction systems, real-time transaction systems, and transactional
workflows.
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Part 9: Case studies
(Chapters 26 through 29).
 In this part we present case studies of four leading database systems,
including PostgreSQL, Oracle, IBM DB2, and Microsoft SQL Server.
 These chapters outline unique features of each of these systems, and
describe their internal structure.
 They provide a wealth of interesting information about the respective
products, and help you see how the various implementation
techniques described in earlier parts are used in real systems.
 They also cover several interesting practical aspects in the design of
real systems.
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Online appendices .
 Although most new database applications use either the relational
model or the object-relational model, the network and hierarchical data
models are still in use in some legacy applications.
 For the benefit of readers who wish to learn about these data models,
we provide appendices describing the network and hierarchical data
models, in Appendices A and B respectively; the appendices are
available only online (http://www.db-book.com).
 Appendix C describes advanced relational-database design, including
the theory of multivalued dependencies, join dependencies, and the
project-join and domain-key normal forms. This appendix is for the
benefit of individuals who wish to study the theory of relationaldatabase design in more detail, and instructors who wish to do so in
their courses. This appendix, too, is available only online, on the Web
page of the book.
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