Transcript ENJXSunit_24_XXIVe - Hobby`s ABAC Materials

The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Unit XXIV
Popular Styles
“All riddles are blues,
And all blues are sad,
And I’m only mentioning
Some blues I’ve had.”
—Maya Angelou
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
71. Ragtime, Blues, and Early Jazz
• Jazz
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New Orleans
West African music, African American
ceremonial and work songs
African traditional herding song
• Ragtime
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Scott Joplin (1868–1917) and Ragtime
• American teacher, composer,
performer
• “The King of Ragtime”
• Ragtime as serious art form
• Opera premiere (Treemonisha)
• Died in New York in 1917
• Posthumous Pulitzer Prize
• Steinway player piano rolls
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Joplin: Maple Leaf Rag
(Listening Guide)
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Regular sectional form
Four strains, each repeated
Syncopated rhythms
Listening Guide PDF
“What is scurrilously called ragtime is an invention that is here to
stay. That is now conceded by all classes of musicians…”
—Scott Joplin
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Blues and New Orleans Jazz
Blues
• Mood and harmonic progression
• 12 (or 16) bars in length
• Blue note
• Texts: 3-line stanza,
first 2 lines are the same
• Vocal style from work songs
• Improvisation
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Louis Armstrong and Early Jazz
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Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
American musician (cornet and trumpet)
“Satchmo”
Chicago, New Orleans–style ensemble:
King Oliver Creole Jazz Band
Great improviser
Mutes (range and tone color)
Heebie Jeebies
scat singing
Jazz chorus
Stop-time chorus
Double-time choruses
Solo choruses
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The Jazz Singer Billie Holiday
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Billie Holiday “Lady Day” (1915-1959)
American blues and jazz singer
Tragic childhood
Discovery, Benny Goodman
Drug and alcohol abuse
Died at 44
Recognizable singing style
“I can’t stand to sing the same song the same way two nights in
succession, let alone two years or ten years. If you can, then it
ain’t music; it’s close-order drill or exercise or yodeling or
something, not music.”
—Billie Holiday
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Holiday: Billie’s Blues (Listening Guide)
Artie Shaw on clarinet and Bunny Berigan on
trumpet
• 12-bar blues
• Short introduction and six choruses
• Three-line strophe becomes freer
• Rhythmic flexibility
“ don’t think I’m singing. I feel like I’m playing a horn. I try to
improvise like… Louis Armstrong…what comes out is what I feel.
I hate straight singing. I have to change a tune to my own way of
doing it.”
—Billie Holiday
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
www.wwnorton.com/enjoy
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
72. The Swing Era and Beyond
• Swing, or Big Band era = 1930s and 1940s
• Opportunities for black musicians
“What’s swinging in words? If a guy makes you pat your
foot and if you feel it down your back, you don’t have to ask
anyone if that’s good music or not. You can always feel it.”
—Miles Davis
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
“Duke” Ellington and the Big Band Era
• Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington
(1899-1974)
• American composer, pianist,
orchestrator, and big-band leader
• Arranged music
• Brilliant orchestrator
• Larger ensemble
“Somehow I suspect that if Shakespeare were alive today,
he might be a jazz fan himself.”
—Duke Ellington
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Bebop and Later Jazz Styles
• Rebellion against big band
• Bebop (also known as bop), two-note phrase
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Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Charlie Parker (saxophone),
Bud Powell, and Thelonious Monk (both piano)
• Bebop substyles:
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Cool jazz: Miles Davis
West Coast jazz: Dave Brubeck Quartet, Gerry
Mulligan Quartet
Hard bop, soul jazz
• Latin dance music brought into the mainstream (rumba)
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Gillespie/ Parker: A Night in Tunisia
(Listening Guide)
• Charlie Parker (“Bird”) on saxophone, Miles
Davis on trumpet
• Introduction (ostinato in bass)
• Tune is presented in Chorus 1 (A-A-B-A) form
• Three improvised choruses follow
• Coda (same ostinato as intro) closes the work
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Merger of Classical and Jazz Styles
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Composers drawn to ragtime, blues, and jazz
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Debussy
Stravinsky
Ravel
Copland
Gershwin, etc.
“The best music being written today… comes from folk sources.
Jazz, ragtime, Negro spirituals and blues, Southern mountain
songs, country fiddling, and cowboy songs can all be employed in
the creation of American art-music, and are actually used by
many composers now.”
—George Gershwin
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Gershwin and the Merger of two styles
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George Gershwin (1898–1937) mastered the fusion of
jazz and classical styles
– Accomplished pianist and songwriter
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Tin Pan Alley pianist
– Musical theater productions: Girl Crazy, Porgy and
Bess
– Often collaborated with brother, Ira
– Instrumental works were also popular: Rhapsody in
Blue, Concerto in F, An American in Paris
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
www.wwnorton.com/enjoy
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
73. Musical Theater
The Development of American Musical Theater
• European operetta (Gilbert and Sullivan)
• Romantic plots, comic moments, appealing
melodies
• Large ensemble and dance numbers
• Early vs. later plots
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Composer/Lyricist Teams
• Rodgers and Hart
• Rodgers and Hammerstein
• Lerner and Lowe
“The hills are alive with the sound of music.”
—Oscar Hammerstein II
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Later Musicals
• 1970s Stephen Sondheim increased sophistication
• European composers took over the American genre
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Andrew Lloyd Webber
Claude-Michel Schonberg
• Disney and animated musicals (Beauty and the Beast,
The Lion King)
• Dance musicals (Riverdance, Stomp, Contact)
• “Jukebox” musicals (Mamma Mia!)
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Leonard Bernstein
and the Broadway Musical
• Bernstein (1918-1990)
• American composer and
conductor
• New York Philharmonic
• Serious and popular music
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Symphonic and choral music,
film music, and musical
theater works
• West Side Story: attempted union
of jazz with musical theater
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
“Any composer’s
writing is the sum of
himself, of all his roots
and influences.”
—Leonard Bernstein
Bernstein: West Side Story
(Listening Guide)
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Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
Street gangs of New York City
Jets vs. Puerto Rican rivals, the Sharks
Latin dance music and jazz
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Mambo (Afro-Cuban dance)
Tonight love duet in A-A-B-A
form found in jazz
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
www.wwnorton.com/enjoy
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
74. Rock and the Global Scene
• Rock and Roll (1950s)
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Origins in rhythm and blues, country-western,
pop music, and gospel
Crossed racial lines
• 1960s
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Teen idols
Soul
Motown
• Beatles
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Non-Western musical influence (India)
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Rock and the Global Scene
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California Groups
– Studio production (The Beach Boys)
– Folk rock (Bob Dylan and Joan Baez)
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Eclectic styles 1970 and beyond
– Acid rock, art rock, Latin rock, punk rock,
disco, reggae, new wave, etc.
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The 1980s and Beyond
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Music video and MTV
Technological developments
Rap, or hip hop
Grunge rock, alternative rock, global pop
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Country-Western Music
• Country-western (Appalachian folk songs)
Hillbilly music
• Hollywood, singing cowboys of the 1930s
• The Grand Ol’ Opry
Bluegrass, Nashville sound
• Honkytonk
• 1970s: classic country, mainstream country
• Crossover hits 1980s, 90ss
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Garth Brooks, Shania Twain
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Global Pop
• Movement, not a single style
• Third world, ethnic, and traditional music
• Collaborations between Western and nonWestern musicians
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
BeauSoleil and the Revival of Cajun Music
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Southwestern Louisiana
Creoles, Cajuns
French as a common language
Cajun music: vocal, influenced by all southern
music
• Zydeco music: African American, Caribbean,
and Cajun styles
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Voice, fiddle, accordion, electric guitar,
washboard
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Think of Me (Jongle à moi), by BeauSoleil
(Listening Guide)
• BeauSoleil performance
• Traditional dance song
• Cajun fiddle techniques
Drones
Double stops
Slides
Trills
• Text is in Cajun French
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
www.wwnorton.com/enjoy
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition