Transcript File - Ms. Thresher

Baroque Period
1600-1750
What Does Baroque Mean?
 From Portuguese – Barroco
 Extravagantly Ornate
 Fancy
 Florid
Baroque Background
• 13 American Colonies
• East India Trading
Company
• The
Mayflower
The Times
 Science
Sir Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
René Descartes
William Gilbert (1544-1603)
• Properties of electricity
Sir William Harvey (1578-1657)
• Circulation of the blood
Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
• Chemistry
 Politics – Age of Absolute Monarchs
Charles II of England
Frederick II of Prussia
Louis XIV of France
Phillip IV of Spain
Baroque Art
Visual Arts
 Architecture
 In the Renaissance:
simple, straight lines
and detail
Bramante – St. Peter’s Cathedral
Brunelleschi – Florence Cathedral

In the Baroque: ornate, extravagant, showy
St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican
Palace of Versailles, Paris
 Painting
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Emotionally charged
Dramatic subjects
Contrast; play
between light and
shadow
 Sculpture
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Strong light and dark
contrasts
Dramatic tension
Subjects are never still but
moving, struggling, twisted
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Self-Portrait
Louis XIV
The Doctrine of Affections
 Music Brings On Emotions:
Baroque Musical Style
 Combination of Old and New
 Basso Continuo
 Chords, Dissonance, and Chromaticism
 Composers used mixed groups of
instruments to perform works of great
complexity.
 Music was no longer only functional, it was
made to be enjoyed as it’s own entity.
 Composers began to search for inspiration for
their compositions in not only the church, but
in nature.
 Baroque music is very similar to jazz in it’s
use of improvisation and figured bass.
Baroque Musical Style
 Regular / Flexible Rhythm
 Improvisation during Performance
 Modal & Tonal
Background: Opera
 Forerunners:
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Greek Plays
Renaissance Plays
Madrigal Cycles
Early Opera
 Recitative
 Monteverdi
Developments in Opera
 Venice
 Public Opera House
 More Solo Singing
 Less Instruments
• Teatro San Cassiano
George Frideric Handel
• Aria
• No Chorus
Singing
• Giulio Cesare
Act II, scenes 1
and 2
English Opera
 Influenced by Handel
 Henry Purcell

Dido and Aeneas
Baroque Instrumental Music
 Sonata
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ABA FORM
Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
 Arcangelo Corelli

Corelli’s Style
 Trio Sonata, Op 3, No. 2
Baroque Instrumental Music
 Concerto

Solo Instrument with
Orchestra
 Vivaldi

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Violin Concerto in a minor
1680
Baroque Instrumental Music
 Suite
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Set of pieces put together in one work
Many composers
France, England and Germany
Suite for brass
trio by Handel
German Suite
 Differences from English and French
 Composer:
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Dietrich Buxtehude
Praeludium in E Major, Bux WV 141
Johaan Sebastian Bach
 Life

1685-1750
 Parents


Ambrose
Maria
 Family were
all musicians
Johaan Sebastian Bach
 Church Organist and
Choir Director in Leipzig, Germany
 Wrote For:
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Organ
Harpsichord
Orchestra
Cantatas
Johaan Sebastian Bach
 Prelude and Fugue
Prelude – the main musical
idea of a piece of music. Presented first.
Fugue – the development of that musical
idea. Usually very complicated. Presented
immediately following the Prelude

Bach’s Prelude and Fugue in A minor
Baroque Literature
Shakespeare
Milton
Cervantes
French Opera
 Based in tradition
 Jean-Baptiste Lully

Armide
Baroque Sciences
 Francis Bacon

Scientific Method
 Galileo Galilei

Famous Astronomer
 Isaac Newton

Famous Physicist