Transcript JAZZ

JAZZ
CCHS Academic Team
Scott Joplin – 1867-1917
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King of Ragtime
Born in Texas – moved to St. Louis
Maple Leaf Rag
The Entertainer
A Guest of Honor: Lost first opera
Opera: Treemonisha (not staged until 70’s)
Died of syphilis
Maple Leaf Rag
W.C. Handy – 1873-1958
• Father of the Blues
• Educated musician who
incorporated folk influences
• “Memphis Blues”
• “St. Louis Blues”
• St. Louis Blues -- Billie Holiday
Joe “King” Oliver – 1881-1938
• Band leader and cornet player
in “Storyville” red-light district
in New Orleans
• Relocated to Chicago
• Mentor to Louis Armstrong
Armstrong: “If it had not been
for Joe Oliver, Jazz would not
be what it is today.”
• Pioneered use of mutes
Louis Armstrong 1901-1971
“Satchmo”
Cornetist/Vocalist
Early popular jazz artist
Popularized scat singing
(“Heebie Jeebies”)
• Grew up in Storyville district
• New Orleans Home for
Colored Waifs
• Replaced King Oliver
• Relocated to Chicago
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Louis Armstrong 1901-1971
• "Heebie Jeebies“
• "West End Blues"
• "Mack the Knife“
• "Ain't Misbehaving"
• "Hello Dolly“
• "What a Wonderful World"
Bessie Smith 1894-1937
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The Empress of the Blues
Grew up in Chattanooga
Blues/jazz vocalist
Began recording in 1923 in Philadelphia
Highest-paid black entertainer of her day
Tumultuous personal life (infidelity, bisexuality)
Critically injured in car accident
"Downhearted Blues“
St. Louis Blues
Nobody Knows When You're Down and Out
Jelly Roll Morton 1890-1941
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Born to Creole family in New Orleans
Ragtime/Jazz pianist, composer, bandleader
First jazz arranger
Great promoter – claimed to have invented jazz
Began career as piano player in brothel
Moved to Chicago in 1923
Later moved to NYC and Washington, DC
"Jelly Roll Blues“
“Black Bottom Stomp”
“King Porter Stomp”
Duke Ellington 1899-1974
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Composer, pianist, bandleader
Influenced by ragtime
Performed at Cotton Club
Prolific writer
Collaborated with Billy Strayhorn
“Jungle Music”/Washingtonians
Famous appearance at Newport
Jazz Festival, 1956
Duke Ellington 1899-1974
• "East St. Louis Toodle-o"
• "Black and Tan Fantasy“
• "Take the A-Train"
• It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)“
• "Mood Indigo“
• "Sophisticated Lady“
• "Black, Brown, and Beige“
• Live at Newport 1956
Billie Holiday 1915-1959
Singer/songwriter
“Lady Day”
Worked in brothel as child
Sang with Count Basie and Artie Shaw
First black woman to sing with
white orchestra
• Competed with Ella Fitzgerald
• Arrested on narcotics charges
• Autobiography: Lady Sings the Blues
• Died of drug abuse (cirrhosis)
• "Strange Fruit“
• God Bless the Child
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Ella Fitzgerald 1917-1996
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Jazz/swing vocalist
“First Lady of Song,” “Queen of Jazz”
Light, pure tone, scat singing
Competed with Billie Holiday
Reached fame with Chick Webb Orchestra
at the Savoy Ballroom (Harlem)
Collaborated with Count Basie, Duke Ellington,
Quincy Jones, Dizzy Gillespie
Many appearances on TV shows, films
"A-Tisket, A-Tasket"
"It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)"
Benny Goodman
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Clarinetist/Big Band leader from CHI
“King of Swing”
Moved to NYC in 1920’s
Arrogant, demanding taskmaster??
1938 concert at Carnegie Hall (Ellington/Basie)
Early integrated orchestra (Teddy Wilson,
Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton)
"Sing, Sing, Sing"
Artie Shaw – 1910 - 2004
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Clarinetist, Composer, Bandleader
Also actor & author
Born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky
Signed Billie Holiday in 1938
Valued experimentation, innovation
“Difficult man” – married 8 times!!!
"Begin the Beguine“
"Stardust"
Glenn Miller 1904-1944
• Big Band leader, trombonist
• Born in Iowa
• Focused on popular music
• Disappeared during WWII
• "In the Mood“
• "Moonlight Serenade“
• "Chattanooga Choo Choo"
Count Basie 1904-1984
• Jazz pianist/composer/bandleader
• Influential in rise of KC jazz
• Band noted for its rhythm section
• "One O'Clock Jump“
• "April in Paris"
Charlie Parker (“Bird”) 1920-1955
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Saxophonist/Composer
Born in Kansas City
Leading figure in development of bebop
Hipster/Beat Generation icon
Experimented heavily (new chords, etc.)
1939 – Move to NYC
Collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonius Monk, Max Roach
Died of heroin addiction
"Yardbird Suite“
"Ornithology“
"Summertime“
"Bird Gets the Worm"
Dizzy Gillespie 1917-1993
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Jazz trumpeter/bandleader
Central figure in rise of bebop
Distinctive bent trumpet
Often wore beret, horned rims
Experimented with Afro-Cuban music
"Salt Peanuts“
"Manteca“
"Groovin' High“
"A Night In Tunisia"
Dave Brubeck 1920-2012
• Cool jazz pianist
• Born in California
• Experimented with different time
signatures (5/4, 9/8)
• Album: Time Out
• "Take Five“
• "Blue Rondo A La Turk"
John Coltrane 1926-1967
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Jazz saxophonist/composer
Also played soprano sax
Bebop/Hard Bop/Avant-garde jazz
Influenced by Charlie Parker
Highly influential in modern jazz
Played with Thelonius Monk
Collaborated with Miles Davis
Explored various religions
Died of liver cancer (hepatitis? heroin?)
"My Favorite Things“
"Giant Steps“
"Blue Train"
Thelonius Monk 1917-1982
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Jazz pianist/composer
Unorthodox style – percussive, hesitations
Hats, sunglasses
"Round Midnight“
"Blue Monk"
Miles Davis 1926-1991
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Jazz trumpeter
Bebop, hard bop, cool jazz
Experimented with jazz fusion
Clear tone with little vibrato
Birth of the Cool
"So What"
Kind of Blue Ahead
Sketches of Spain
Bitches Brew (fusion)
Wynton Marsalis 1961• Jazz trumpeter
• From family of jazz musicians –
son of Ellis (piano) and brother
of Branford (sax)
• Heavily featured in Ken Burns’
Jazz