Transcript Cultures of Europe I

Cultures of Europe I
Session 2
Welcome to Hungary! 
Hungary through the Arts 2
The Baroque
Maria Theresa (1740-1780) as Queen of Hungary
Baroque architecture
o
o
o
o
o
Péterffy Palace, 1756 (Pest)
free, symmetrical arrangement
graceful shapes
semi-circularheaded windows
regular
subdivisions of the
façade and the
interior
blended shapes
18th-century parish church (Jászberény)
Baroque architecture and sculpture
o
o
o
o
o
o
open areas
sequence of chapels
curved walls
marble columns
blind arches
sculpted texture of surfaces
Interior of the Paulite Church (Pest)
Black Virgin High Altar, Paulite Church (Pest)
o
o
o
o
o
devotional paintings and sculptures – Virgin Mary
sculpture-frame
angelic figures
detailed drapery
gilded statues and picture-frame
Literature
Miklós Zrínyi (1620-1664)
o poet, prose-writer, politician, military
leader
o best-known work: The Peril of Sziget
after the classical tradition
o
Late Baroque – Rococo
o
o
•
•
•
•
Sala terrana of the Esterházy Palace, 1765-68
o
o
Late Baroque historical painting → scenes from
Hungarian history
renders the 1566 siege of the Fort of Szigetvár ,
when its defender Miklós Zrínyi met his death
arose in secular culture, but also established
itself in ecclesiastic art
unfolding classicizing taste
construction of public buildings:
free-form arrangements
interiors dominated by a wealth of playful
decorations, curvilinear partitioning
elements
whimsical ornamentation, exotic motifs
cycle of frescoes in the interior
Nineteenth-century Hungarian art
Classicism
o
o
o
o
o
early 19th century
order and hamony 
education
libraries, art collections,
museums
the art of classical antiquity
was the fundamental
orientation for Classicism
ideas of urbanism and urban
planning in architecture
Ferenc Kazinczy (1759-1831)
István Ferenczy, Sheperdess
(The Origin of the Fine Arts), 1820-22
a leading thinker of the time, lay emphasis on
art and aesthetics, on the preservation and
renewal of national culture
o
o
one of the best-known works of
Classicism in Hungary
no single main view
Neo-Palladian architecture in Hungary
•
•
•
•
symmetry
proportion , volume,
human shape
classical Orders
rich sculptural
decoration
19th-century folk literarture and
Romanticism in Hungary
Sándor Petőfi
János Arany
Sándor Petőfi (1823-1849)
o one of the best-known Hungarian poets
o the Hungarian landscape, the issues of the
Hungarian folk and folk mythology are central to
his poetry
János Arany (1817-1882)
o born into the world of folk, he sought to reveal this
world in his art
o After the Revolution, he turned towards historical
themes, sought to give insight through the
interpretation of these
Ferenc Kölcsey (1790-1838)
o the author of the „National Anthem” of Hungary
(1823)
o longing for the unknown was the main direction of
his poetry, the exploration of the mystery of
existence
Mihály Vörösmarty (1800-1855)
o one of the initiators of the Romantic movement in
Hungarian literature
o the theme of myths and legends marks a dominant
strain of his art
o author of Szózat, “Appeal” (1836)
Ferenc Kölcsey
Mihály Vörösmarty
The 19th-century portrait
Bertalan Székely, Self-Portrait, 1860
Fülöp László, Pope Leo XIII, 1900
A double portrait
Henrik Weber, The Composer Mihály Mosonyi and
his Wife, 1840’s
Historical painting
Mihály Zichy, The Triumph of the Genius of Destruction,
1878
Eugene Delacroix, The Twenty-eight of July: Liberty Leading the
People, 1830
The 19th-century landscape
Károly Ferenczy, Church, 1903
László Paál, Path in Fontainebleau Woods, 1876
Miklós Barabás, Venice, Twilight, 1830’s
19th-century architecture
Miklós Ybl, The Opera House, 1884
Frigyes Feszl, The Vigadó (Municipal Concert Hall), 1858-1965
Ludwig Förster, The Dohány Street Synagogue, 1854-59
Representatives
of Hungarian music
Zoltán Kodály
Ferenc Erkel
Béla Bartók
References:
Andrea Palladio,” at the homepage of The Royal Institute of British Architects.
Retrieved from
http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/
Palladio/AndreaPalladio/PalladiosBuildings/PalladiosBuildings.aspx
Szerb, Antal. Magyar irodalomtörténet. [The History of Hungarian Literature.]
Budapest: Magvető, 1972.
Bellák, Gábor et. al, A Thousand Years of Art in Hungary. Budapest: Corvina,
2012.
Essential Humanities . Retrieved from http://www.essentialhumanities.net/western-art/western-architecture/baroquearchitecture/
Home assignment:
Please, look up the following words in an English-language dictionary:
god
polytheism and monotheism
Old Testament
New Testament