Transcript File - AJHS General Music

Romantic Era
1825-1900
Romantic Era
• Music is now unrestrained and sensuous
• Music is influenced by politics, wars, and
new inventions
• New sense of nationalism
• Instrumental colors and harmonic
techniques become very important
• More combinations of instruments being
used
Happening in America during the Romantic
Era
• John Tuft’s “Introduction to the Singing of
Psalm-Tunes” is the only American Text
book until the time of Lowell Mason
• Lowell Mason’s innovative methods for
teaching singing are referred to as “singing
schools”
• Singing Schools establish the foundation for
music education in the
Happening in America During the Romantic
Era
• 1834, Lowell Mason created centers that he
referred to as an Academy of music
• The subject of music was the first of the
expressive or creative arts subjects to be
added to the curriculum in the Boston
public schools in the year 1838
• St. Louis was the first city west of the
Mississippi River to add music to its public
curriculum
Happening in America During the Romantic
Era
• Andrew Law developed a system of musical
notation that used shape notes for each tone
of the scale
• Anton Dvorak came to America in the late
1800s. During this time, he composed for
the school and community of Spillville,
Iowa
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1825-The Romantic Era begins
• 1825- The Erie Canal opens
• 1826- James Fenimore Cooper writes “Last
of the Mohicans”
• 1827- Ludwig van Beethoven dies on
March 27
• 1827- The Mormon church is founded by
Joseph Smith
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1827- Lowell Mason moves to Boston to
teach in singing-schools
• 1828- Franz Schubert dies on November
19th at the age of 31
• 1829- Gioachino Rossini writes the opera
“William Tell”
• 1833- Johannes Brahms is born in Hamburg
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1837- Queen Victoria is crowned in
England
• 1838- Music is added to the curriculum of
the Boston Public Schools
• 1839- The New York Philharmonic Society
is founded
• 1840- First incandescent electric bulb is
invented
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1844- First telegraph message is transmitted
• 1845- Gabriel Faure is born in Pamiers,
France
• 1846- Felix Mendelssohn writes “Elijah”
• 1847- Felix Mendelssohn dies in Leipzig
• 1849- Anton Bruckner writes “Requiem in
D-minor”
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1851- Herman Melville writes the book
“Moby Dick”
• 1853- Giuseppe Verdi writes the operas “Il
Trovatore” and “ La Traviata”
• 1858- Covent Garden (Royal Opera House)
opens in London, England
• 1861- The Civil War begins in the U.S.
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1863- Abraham Lincoln delivers the
Gettysburg Address
• 1864- Lewis Carroll writes “Alice in
Wonderland”
• 1865- The Civil War ends in the United
States
• 1867- Alaska is purchased from Russia
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1868- Johannes Brahms writes German
Requiem
• 1868- Gioachino Rossini dies
• 1869- The first transcontinental railroad is
opened
• 1871- Giuseppe Verdi writes the opera
“Aida”
• 1875- Bizet writes the opera “Carmen”
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1876- The telephone is invented by
Alexander Graham Bell
• 1881- Czar Alexander II is assassinated’
• 1883- Richard Wagner dies on Feb. 13th
• 1883- The Metropolitan Opera opens in
New York
• 1884- The Bohemian composer, Bedrich
Smetna, dies
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1886- The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in
New York Harbor
• 1889- The Eiffel Tower is completed in
Paris, France
• 1890- The Belgian composer, Cesar Franck,
dies in Paris, France
• 1891- Sir Authur Conan Doyle writes The
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Chronology of the Romantic Era
• 1896- Anton Bruckner dies in Vienna,
Austria
• 1897- John Phillip Sousa writes “The Stars
and Stripes Forever”
• 1900- The Romantic Era ends
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven
• Born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany
• When he was 8, father featured him in a
piano concert, falsely advertising that he
was only 6
• In 1783 his first work was published
• Austrian Aristocrat, Count Waldstein, gave
Beethoven a letter of introduction to the
elite families of Vienna
Ludwig van Beethoven
• In 1800, Prince Lichnowsky gave him an
annual stipend of 600 Gulden to stay in
Vienna and compose (equivalent to $344.83
US dollars)
• One of his greatest works was Symphony
No. 9, in which the last movement was
written for choir, soloists, and orchestra
• Beethoven’s most famous opera was
“Fidelio”
Ludwig van Beethoven
• “Missa Solemnis in D” and “Christ on the
Mount of Olives” were Beethoven’s two
famous choral compositions
• First composer to use the metronome
• Beethoven died in 1827
Ludwig van Beethoven
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Some popular works of Beethoven
“Ode to Joy”
“Sonata No. 29”
“5th Symphony”
“Fidelio”
“Christ on the Mount of Olives”
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
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1809-1847
Born in Hamburg, Germany
Born to a wealthy banking family
Considered a child prodigy
Age 16 composes two outstanding motets
“Exsultate” and “Jubilate”
• Considered most famous composer of the
oratorio during the Romantic Era
Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
• Most well known oratorios were “Elijah”
and “St. Paul”
• At age 20, he found the long lost “St.
Matthew Passion” by Bach and
reintroduced it to the world through
numerous performances
Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
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Some of his most popular works
“St. Paul”
“Elijah”
“Exsultate”
“Jubilant”
Franz Schubert
Franz Schubert
• 1797-1828
• Born in Liechtenthal, Vienna
• Followed in father’s profession as a school
teacher for a few years, then later stopped
and followed his own dream of becoming a
composer
• In 1815, he wrote two symphonies, two
masses, four stage works, 140 songs,
Franz Schubert
One string quartet, two piano sonatas,
chorales, and extensive church music
• Most famous for his songs
• Died at the age of 31
• Is buried only a few steps from Beethoven
in Vienna, Austria
Franz Schubert
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Some of his most popular works
-“Miriam’s Song of Triumph”
“German Mass”
“Lazarus”
“Salve Reginas”
Anton Bruckner
Anton Bruckner
• Born in 1824 in Ansfelden, Austria
• Father and grandfather were music teachers
• In 1840, moved to Linz, Austria and
became a teacher and cathedral organist
• Died in 1896 in Vienna, Austria
Anton Bruckner
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Some of his most popular works
“Requiem in D-minor”
“Missa Solemnis in B-flat”
“Mass in E-minor”
Antonio Dvorak
Antonio Dvorak
• Born in 1841 in Bohemia
• Father was a butcher and inn keeper
• Parents recognized his musical talent and
sent him for lessons at an early age
• Played viola in the Provisional Theatre
orchestra
• Married Anna Cermakova and had 9 kids
Anton Dvorak
• Came to America in 1824 to be the director
of the National Conservatory of Music in
New York City. He was director until 1895
• Composed for the school and community of
Spillville, Iowa
• Died in 1904
• Is buried in Yysehrad cemetary in Prague
Anton Dvorak
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Some of his most popular works
“New World Symphony”
“Songs my Mother Taught Me”
“Cello Concerto in B-minor”
“Rusalka (opera)”
Bedrich Smetana
Bedrich Smetana
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Born in 1824 in Litomysl, Bohemia
Played in an amateur string quartet
Greatly influenced by Dvorak
Smetana bought music of the Czech people
to an international level
• Became first director of the National
Theatre in Prague
Bedrich Smetana
• Like Beethoven and Schumann he lost his
hearing
• Died of mental problems at the Prague
Lunatic Asylum in 1884
• Best known work is his comic opera “The
Bartered Bride”
Cesar Franck
Cesar Franck
• Born in 1822 in Liege, Belgium
• Basically unknown during his life time
• At age 11 he finished schooling at the Liege
Conservatory of Music and began touring as
a concert pianist
• 1834, moves to Paris and becomes a
naturalized French citizen
Cesar Franck
• 1855, becomes cathedral organist in Linz
• Died in Paris in 1890
• Two of his best known compositions are
“Ave Maria” and “Les Beatitudes”
Gabriel Faure
Gabriel Faure
• Born in 1845 in Pamiers, France
• 6th child of a schoolmaster
• Ate age 8, he was a well known performer
of the Harmonium (a portable organ)
• From 1855-1865 he studied at the Ecole
Niedermeyer in Paris
• Died in Paris in 1924
Gabriel Faure
• Some of his most popular works
- “Cantique de Jean Racine”
- “Tantum ergo”
Charles Gounod
Charles Gounod
• Born in 1818 in Paris, France
• His mother, was his first piano teacher
• Gounod moved to Italy to study the music
of Palestrina
• 1870-1885, he lived in England and became
the first conductor of the Royal Choral
Society
Charles Gounod
• Wrote many religious compositions
• Considered the most gifted among the
French contemporaries
• Died in 1893
• Most important work was his opera “Faust”
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms
• Born in 1833, in Hamburg, Germany
• Composed many choral arrangements of
folk songs
• Wrote over 200 songs in the traditional
German Lied (song) style
• Considered a great choral composer of the
1800s
• Died in 1897
Johannes Brahms
• Greatest choral composition is “German
Requiem”
• Other important works include
- “Ave Maria”
- “Nanie”
- “Song of Destiny”
- “Liebeslieder Waltzes” also known as
“Brahms Lullaby”
Richard Wagner
Richard Wagner
• Born in Leipzig, Austria in 1813
• But was known as a German composer
• Considered the most battle-scarred and
controversial composer of the Romantic
period, his peers called him a vain and
unprincipled egotist
• 1849- went into exile for 12 years because
of his alleged membership in anarchist
Richard Wagner
circles
•Died of a heart attack and is buried in the
garden of the Villa Wahnfried
•Some of his most popular works include
operas “Tannhauser” “Lohengrin” “Parsifal”
“The Flying Dutchman”
“Des Ring des Nibelungen” which is
comprised of four operas
Other Composers of the Romantic Era &
Their Major Works
• Robert Schumann- “Das Paradies und die
Peri” “Mass in C-minor”
• Vincenzo Bellini- “La Sonnambula”
“Norma” “I Puritani”
• George Bizet- “Carmen”
• Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti- “Lucia
di Lammermoor” “The Daughter of the
Regiment, “Don Pasquale”
Other Composers of the Romantic Era &
Their Major Works
• Gioachino Antonio Rossini- “L’Italiana in
Algeri” “The Barber of Seville” “William
Tell” “Stabat Mater”
• Giuseppe Verdi- “Rigoletto” “Il Trovatore”
“Traviata” “Aida” “Otello” “Falstaff”
“Manzoni Requiem”
• Mili Balakirev- “Cantata on the
Inauguration of the Glinka Memorial”
Other Composers of the Romantic Era &
Their Major Works
• Alexander Borodin- “Prince Igor”
• Cesar Antonovich Cui- “Prisoner of the
Cansasus” “William Ralcliff” “Henry VIII”
• Modest Mussorgsky- “Boris Godunov”
“Songs and Dances of Death”
• Nicolai Andreyevich Rimsky- Korsakov“The Tale of Sadko” “Tsar Saltan” “The
Snow Maiden”