Transcript Library- Freeze, Walker - Emporia State University

The Music Library
•
Copyright law.
• The Copyright Law, enacted in 1976
and put into effect in 1978, was to
encourage creative members of our
society to produce by assuring them
that the results of their creativity
would be protected within the legal
limits of the law.
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont…
• The 1976 law was the 1st attempt in
history to reconcile the interests of
copyright owners wit the legitimate
use of copyrighted material be
nonprofit educational institutions and
indicated that such use should be
considered “fair use”.
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont…
• In determining Fair Use of materials
under copyright, four criteria
established by previous court action
were included in the 1976 law
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont…
• 1. The purpose and character of the use, whether
such use is of a commercial nature or is for
nonprofit education purposes.
• 2. The nature of the copyrighted work.
• 3. The amount and substantiality of the portion
used in relation to the work as a whole
• 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market
for or value of the copyrighted work.
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont… Fair Use Examples
• Spontaneity – Distributing a work from their
music library and suddenly realizing that one of
the 2nd flute parts is missing.
Reproducing a copy of an existing part can be
considered fair use providing the director orders a
replacement copy from the publisher within a
reasonable time period.
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont… Fair Use Examples
• Brevity – Congress never intended that it be
legal to mass copy complete musical works.
Using brief excerpts to establish a point in an
educational setting can be considered fair use.
•
Making multiple copies of ten percent of a performable
unit is acceptable, while copying the entire movement
is prohibited.
Copyright Law
•
Copyright law Cont… Fair Use
Examples
• Cumulative effect – Closely related to
brevity. Reproducing several sections of a
piece of copyrighted music cannot be
considered fair use. Legislative reports
clearly state that anthologies are not fair
use, and in such cases permission must be
secured from the copyright holder.
The Need for a Music Library
Need for a Music Library
•
•
•
A large percentage of the music educators annual
budget is spent on music or some type of
instructional aids.
In situations where music is poorly stored and
organized, teacher efficiency is severely reduced
and the possibility that music will be lost,
damaged, or destroyed is increased.
Two Music-Library Concepts
•
•
Central Music Library
Large School Districts with multiple high schools and junior
high’s often combine resources into a single central musiclibrary system.
•
This type of system is cost effective for the school
•
Provides a wider diversity of materials available to the
music educator
•
Not time effective for the teachers. They must plan far in
advance for the materials and music they may want to use
in their classes and rehearsals.
Two Music-Library Concepts
Single Music Library
•
•
This type of system is nearly always found in small schools
and many larger schools as well.
•
In a single music library, all the instrumental and choral
music and other instructional aids are found within the
walls of that particular schools.
•
Materials are divided up into Orchestra, Band Choir, etc
(Marching band, Jazz Band , Show Choir)
Organizing the Music Library
Storage of Music
•
•
File cabinets provide the best protection for the
music.
•
Open shelves are less expensive and are more
efficient from the standpoint of space
Organizing the Music Library
Storage of Music Cont…
•
•
If instrumental and choral music is stored on shelves, it
should be placed in storage boxes.
•
•
•
Boxes on open shelves protect the music to a higher degree
than envelopes
Boxes give the music storage area a neat and organized
appearance.
If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file folders should be
used.
•
Boxes in the file cabinets waste space
Organizing the Music Library
Storage of Music Cont…
•
•
If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file folders
should be used.
• Boxes in the file cabinets waste space
•
Music stored on Shelves should be place in a
vertical position rather than being stacked
•
Easy Access
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System
•
•
There are four filing systems, plus variations of
each, that are being used in public-school and
college music libraries today.
•
•
•
•
Alphabetical by title
Alphabetical by composer
Consecutive-number system
Letter-number system
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System Cont.
•
•
Alphabetical by title
•
•
Most prevalent method of filing.
The principal disadvantage of this system is that music
must be repeated shifted when new works are added.
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System Cont.
•
•
Alphabetical by Composer
•
•
•
This is rarely found in public school or college libraries.
Was sparked by the desire to have the masterworks of
great composers close together.
Not the most effective way of organizing the library.
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System Cont.
•
•
Consecutive-number system
•
•
•
•
This is an accrual filing system and is simple to initiate
and maintain.
New music is assigned a consecutive number in the
order it is purchased.
The greatest advantage is that no shifting of music has
to occur.
A disadvantage is that a card file (electronic system) is
an absolute must
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System Cont.
•
•
Letter-Number system
•
•
Perhaps the most successful and popular version of the
consecutive number system.
Ex: A3-22b
•
The capital letter indicates the file cabinet, the number is
the file cabinet, the number after the hypen is the
placement in the drawer, and the small letter denotes
classification.
Organizing the Music Library
Music Filing System Cont.
•
•
Letter-Number system Cont…
•
This system demands a title card file as well as a
composer card file.
•
This can easily be done in an excel file where you can
sort the database by any parameter that you have
setup.
Organizing the Music Library
Processing New Music
•
•
•
•
Prior to placing music in the hand, it should be
cataloged by the music librarian.
This process includes stamping each piece of
music.
File index cards must be prepared prior to the
distribution of new music.
Organizing the Music Library
File index cards
•
•
•
This style is still around in many schools.
Today this information can be collected on these
cards, but should be stored online.
•
Less storage space for all of the cards and more
efficient.
Music-Library Equipment
Sorting Rack
•
•
•
No instrumental music library should be without a
sorting rack that allows for orderly dispersion of
music from and subsequent return to the music
storage area.
This will help to stop wasting time arranging
instrumental music into score order.
Music-Library Equipment
Folio Cabinets
•
•
Provide the most efficient means available for the
daily dispersal and collection of music
•
Commercially manufactured cabinets, finished in
bright colors, contribute to the total positive
environment of a rehearsal room.
Music-Library Equipment
Music Storage
•
•
If the school district has difficulty in getting the
director steel filing cabinets, then the
construction of shelving combined with cardboard
storage boxes is a most viable, if not superior,
alternative.
Administration of the music
library
Music Librarians
•
•
Duties include –
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cataloging
Distributing
Collecting
Filing music
Repairing Music
Additional Clerical Work
Administration of the music
library
Music Folders
•
•
•
•
Folder should be durable and provide protection
for the music
The inside pockets should be expandable
Each folder should have a pencil pocket
Administration of the music
library
Distribution and Collection of Music
•
•
Music Should never be distributed during the
rehearsal period.
•
•
Time in rehearsal is too precious to spend on
secretarial duties
Be creative in collecting the music
•
•
Have places for the students to take the music.
Sections leaders can collect the parts.
Administration of the music
library
Distribution and Collection of Music
•
•
Filing Scores
•
•
All scores from instrumental music should be stored
separately in a file in the directors office.
Helps to keep all of the scores together and under your
protection.
Administration of the music
library
Loaning and Borrowing music.
•
•
Have a inventory sheet ready to keep track of
what is leaving and what is returned.
•
Get people to sign for it as it may be a way for
them to pay for it if the piece is lost.
•
Have a policy setup with librarian to call people to
remind them that they need to get the score and
parts back when they said they would.