Transcript Bach Trio Sonata

Chapter 22: Music: Baroque, Rococo, and Classical
The student should be able to:
List the key instruments of the Baroque period.
Describe key composers of the Baroque period.
Describe key music terms.
List key Rococo composers
List key composers of the classical period.
Bach music
Baroque music samples
Play next:
Haydn:
Concerto for
Harpsichord
and Violin in F
major, Allegro
m by Emanuel
Borok, violin /
The Chamber
Orchestra
Kremlin
Harpsichord
Similar to piano
Strings played by
plucking rather than
hammering
Lost popularity when the
pianoforte was invented
•Figure 3. When the key is pressed, the jack is raised, and the plectrum
touches the string and begins to bend. Then the plectrum plucks the
string and causes it to sound. The jack hits the jack rail. When the
player's hand is released from the key, the jack falls back down under its
own weight, and the plectrum pivots backwards to allow it to pass the
string.
Johann Strauss Blue Danube Waltz by Classical Child
Suite: an organized set of instrumental or orchestral
pieces normally performed at a single sitting, as a
separate musical performance, not accompanying an
opera, ballet, or theater-piece. In the Baroque era,
the pieces are usually in the same key, and generally
modeled after dance music.
ORGAN
•Bach : Fugue, G Major (The Jig) (2:43)
 Keyboard wind
instrument
 Commonly
associated with
church music
 First invented in the
3rd century BC
Bach: Organ Chorale Prelude I Call To Thee, O Lord by Michael Coonrod
Chorale Prelude:a short liturgical composition for
organ using a chorale tune as its basis. They were
used to introduce the hymn about to be sung by the
congregation, usually in a Protestant, and originally in
a Lutheran, church.
Play next: Schübler Chorale #6 - J. S. Bach by Arlan Wareham
Trio Sonata by Aardvark String Quartet
Trio sonata: written for two solo melodic instruments
and bass continuo, making three parts in all, hence the
name trio sonata. However, because the basso continuo is usually
made up of at least two instruments (typically a cello or bass viol and a
keyboard instrument such as the harpsichord), trio sonatas are typically
performed by at least four musicians.
The melody instruments used are usually both violins. A well-known
exception is the trio sonata in Johann Sebastian Bach's The Musical
Offering, which is for violin and flute . Bach Trio Sonata Allegro by Alison Melville
Johann Sebastian Bach's trio sonatas for organ (BWV 525-530) combine
all three parts on one instrument. Typically the right hand, left hand and
pedals will each take a different part thus creating the same texture as in
a trio.
BAROQUE CONCERTO: 1. Toccata
Concerto grosso: in which a small group of soloists
(concertino) performed in conjunction with a full
orchestra.
Play next: McFarland Concerto Baroque - Allegro by Ron McFarland
Chorale: Wir singen dir in deinem Heer by Boston Bach Ensemble
Chorale was originally a hymn of the Lutheran
church sung by the entire congregation. In casual modern
usage, the term also includes classical settings of such hymns and works
of a similar character.
Play next: Chorale: Brich an, o schones Morgenlicht by Boston
Bach Ensemble
Hallelujah from Messiah by George Frederic Handel by Very Classical
Ensemble And Others
Oratorio: sacred or epic text set to music and
performed in a church or concert hall by soloists,
chorus, and orchestra; George Frideric Handel, most famous
today for his Messiah, also wrote secular oratorios based on themes
from Greek and Roman mythology. He is also credited with writing the
first English language oratorio.
Play next: Arrival of the Queen Sheba (from Oratorio Solomon) Handel
by Presenter
Opera is a form of musical and dramatic work in
which singers convey the drama—considered the most
“Baroque” of all artistic forms.
Opera selections
Baroque Composers
Bach music
Johann Sebastian Bach
Member of a large
musical family
Favorite instrument
was the organ
His death in 1750
marked the end of
the Baroque Period
in music
George Frideric Handel
 Born in Germany, studied
music in Italy, and lived
mainly in England
 Best known for his vocal
works
 Went blind late in his life.
Handel's Messiah,
Hallelujah
 Handel's music
Antonio Vivaldi
The son of a
professional violinist
Was a Catholic priest
Composed The
Four Seasons.
Vivaldi music
Rococo: the “gallant style,” a highly refined art of
elegant pleasantness suitable for intimate social
gatherings in fashionable salons.
Gorgeous Rococo music
salon ...
Music Room - Elaborate
Rococo
La Visionaire
François Couperin was a French Rococo composer,
organist and harpsichordist; he was known as
"Couperin le Grand" (Couperin the Great) to
distinguish him from the other members of the
musically talented Couperin family.
downloadable Couperin music
Couperin music examples
Music Sample 1: Sonata in B-flat, L500
Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti: was an Italian
composer.
Music Sample 2: Sonata
in B-flat, L497
Scarlatti music samples
Classicism in Music (1760-1827): From Haydn’s musical maturity to
Beethoven’s death.
Briefly, the characteristics of classicism are a concern
for musical form with a greater emphasis on clarity
with more concise melodic expression and clarity of
instrumental color.
What does the term Classical
mean?
• From 1750 on artists, musicians, and architects
wanted to get away from the strange opulence of
the Baroque period and move to emulate the clean,
uncluttered style of Classical Greece.
Classical because of
that desire to emulate the works of the
ancient Greeks.
• This period is called
Characteristics of the
Classical Period
• The Church and Monarchs were no longer the
principle benefactors of the arts due to the
political upheaval in Europe at the time.
• The aristocracy were the main patrons of the
arts. They wanted impersonal but tuneful
music from their composers. This led to the
term “absolute” music - which is
music that is written for music’s
sake.
• All of the Classical composers were
employed by various wealthy patrons. Much
of their music was written for parties,
ceremonies, or simply as a commission for a
new work.
• The center of Classical music was
Vienna, which is where all of the major
composers lived and worked.
• There was also a sense of Nationalism in the
compositions.
Instruments of the Classical
Period
•
•
•
•
•
•
Modern Flute
Clarinet
French Horn
Valved Trumpet
Trombone
Percussion
Joseph Haydn - Symphony No.82 "The Bear"
Franz Joseph Haydn: was one of the most prominent
composers of the classical period, and is called by
some the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the
String Quartet". “Surprise Symphony”
Haydn symphonies
Haydn symphonies
Haydn's Surprise symphony
Joseph Haydn - Symphony No.85 "The Queen"
The Symphonic Form
• An extended work for orchestra usually 20 - 40 minutes in length.
• Usually contains three or four
movements which contrast each other. In a
four movement symphony the order usually
is a fanfare type or fast opening movement,
followed by a slower movement. The third
movement is usually a dance, and the final
movement is fast.
Symphonic form
mastered by Franz
Joseph Haydn - he
wrote 104 of them.
Joseph Haydn Symphony No.83 "The
Hen"
Ludwig van Beethoven:
German composer and
virtuoso pianist. He was an
important figure in the
transitional
period between the
• Piano
Classical and Romantic eras in
Western classical music,
and remains one of the
most famous and influential
composers of all time. “Fur Elise”
“Moonlight Sonata.”
Beethoven music examples
Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No.3, Op. 55 "Eroica"
When Beethoven entered his thirtieth year, he began to suffer
from an annoying roaring and buzzing in both ears. Soon his
hearing began to fail and, for all he often would enjoy
untroubled intervals lasting for months at a time, his disability
finally ended in complete deafness. All the resources of the
physician's art were useless. At about the same time
Beethoven noticed that his digestion began to suffer. ...
At no time accustomed to taking medical advice seriously, he
began to develop a liking for spirituous beverages, in order to
stimulate his decreasing appetite and to aid his stomach
weakness by excessive use of strong punch and iced drinks.
... He contracted a severe inflammation of the intestines
which, though it yielded to treatment, later on often gave rise
to intestinal pains and aching colics and which, in part, must
have favored the eventual development of his mortal illness.
Ludwig van Beethoven - Piano Concerto No.5,
Op.73 "Emperor"
Beethoven Mystique
A nature like his is today called insanity in the layman (invariably
ignored), eccentricity in the wealthy
(invariably encouraged), and artistic temperament in the composer
(invariably accepted). His personal conduct could be very
embarrassing. He was seen returning to a ballroom still buttoning up
his trousers from a lavatory visit. Late in life he spoke of Napoleon,
using very explicit language. He once threw a chair at a prince - very
determined behavior, considering the nobleman was one of
Beethoven's own patrons and was helping to support the composer
financially. His usual disregard of conventional, external
considerations often caused friction and conflict with everyone neighbors, janitors, servants, friends, landlords, waiters, and
aristocrats. "His talent astonished me, but his is a totally untamed
personality, and he is not entirely wrong in finding the world
detestable, though this attitude does not make it more pleasant, either
for himself or others …Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No.9, Op.125
"Choral"
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: I756-1791: An Overview of H
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: 1756-1791. United Learning.
unitedstreaming. 8 April 2008
<http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/>
Mozart's Twinkle, Twinkle
Mozart music
Mozart PowerPoint