Transcript 20th Century Musicians - Jamesville Dewitt School District

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20
Century Musicians
Rock and Roll
Still Standing After Fifty Years
Rock Facts!
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Rock Music was invented in the 50’s
Rock was made popular by the radio
Rock was controversial: popular with the youth
Rock was the original popular music
Rock was a blend of jazz, rhythm and blues, country,
and gospel
• Rock was most influenced by African American
music
• Rock was popular because it was simple, fast, fun,
and you could dance to it.
Little Richard
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American rock pioneer who helped
make the transition between rhythm
and blues and rock and roll in the early
1950’s
He influenced many other artists
including Jimi Hendrix and the Beatles
He was known for his explosive exciting
piano style and loud screaming vocals
His musical background was in gospel
music
He was discriminated against as an
African American musician
He was one of very few African
Americans to earn a record contract in
the 1950’s
He was one of the first musicians to be
inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Tutti Frutti”,
and “Good Golly, Miss Molly”.
Elvis Presley
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American Rock and Roll pioneer and actor
Played Rock and Roll and Gospel Music
He was most popular in the 1950’s and
1960’s
One of first performers of “rockabilly: a
combination of country and rhythm and
blues with a strong back beat” which came
to be considered rock and roll
Elvis incorporated elements of soul music,
which made him controversial to many
white listeners of the fifties
Set records for concert attendance, record
and movie sales, and television ratings
He was the first big “Rock Star”
One of most popular solo recording artists
in the history of modern music.
Often referred to by his fans as “The King”
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “You Aint Nothin’
But A Hound Dog”, “Jailhouse Rock”
The Beatles
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British rock and roll band
Popular throughout the 1960’s
4 members: John, Paul, Ringo, and
George
Played many different styles of music
(rock and roll, psychedelic rock, pop)
Part of the British Invasion: Which
brought British Rock and Roll to the
USA
One of the most popular rock bands
of all time: Time Magazine listed them
among “The most important people of
the Twentieth Century”
They were one of the first rock groups
to be popular all around the world
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Help!”, “In
my life”, “Hey Jude”
Rolling Stones
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English rock band that was popular
during the 1960’s and 1970’s
Also part of “the British invasion”
along with the Beatles and the Who
Began their career by covering
American blues songs
Later began writing their own rock and
roll songs
Were known as “badder” and darker
when compared to the Beatles.
They had some of the biggest concerts
in rock history
They helped make rock and roll a
global phenomenon
Still performing together today
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Let’s Spend
the Night Together” “Honky Tonk
Women”.
Bob Dylan
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American singer song writer
Wrote and played folk music, but
his roots were in rock and roll and
gospel music
Sang and accompanied himself on
guitar and harmonica
Most popular in the 1960’s
Was a poet and social activist
Wrote anti war songs
Wrote songs that became popular
in the civil rights movement
He wrote music that defined a
generation of hippies in the 1960’s
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Blowin’
in the Wind”, “The Times They Are
A’Changin’”, “Like a Rolling Stone”
Jimi Hendrix
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Native American singer/songwriter
Played Rock and Roll Music
Named greatest guitarist of all time
by Rolling Stone Magazine
Experimented with and popularized
many new guitar techniques
Headlined 1969 Woodstock Festival
Played with Little Richard from 19641965, and said “I want to do with my
guitar what he does with his voice.”
Was influenced by and had an
influence on many other musical
genres including blues, jazz, soul and
rhythm and blues
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Star
Spangled Banner”, “Purple Haze”
Soul Music
Soul Facts!
• Purely American form of music
• Combination of Jazz, Rhythm and Blues and Gospel
Music
• “funky, secular testifying” Rock Hall of Fame
• Created in the African American community
• Performed exclusively by African Americans
• Began in the 1960’s
• A reaction to rock and roll of the 60’s: they wanted to
get back to their Gospel, Jazz and Blues roots
• Found popularity on the radio and on records
Ray Charles
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American singer and pianist
Played soul, country and gospel music
Became blind as a young child
Learned to play the piano by feel
Began performing publicly in the late
forties, and continued performing until
2003.
Most popular in the 1950’s and 1960’s
Died in 2004
Famous for his soul interpretations of
country and pop favorites
Performed at the inaugurations for
Presidents Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton
He was a pioneer in Soul music who was
able play a lot of different genres of music
that appealed to a lot of different people
Jamie Foxx portrayed his life and music in
the movie “Ray.”
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Georgia on My
Mind”, “America The Beautiful”
James Brown
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American singer, songwriter, dancer and
bandleader.
Performed soul and funk music
Most famous in the late 1950’s through
the 1970’s
Known as “Godfather of Soul”
Helped create a new funk and soul
sound in music of the 1950’s and the
1960’s
Was involved in the black civil rights
movement
One of the first artists to incorporate
“rapping” in his songs
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “I feel good!” ,
“Say It Loud: I’m Black and I’m Proud!”
“I got the feelin’”
Aretha Franklin
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American soul singer, songwriter and
pianist who was most popular during the
1960’s and 1970’s
Known as “The Queen of Soul”
Although most famous for her soul music,
she was skilled in many other musical
genres (jazz, blues, gospel, etc.)
First woman to be inducted into Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame
Helped pave the way for other African
American women in the music business
Rolling Stone rated her as Greatest Singer
of All Time
Sang in 2009 at the inauguration of
President Obama
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “R.E.S.P.E.C.T.”,
“Chain of Fools”, “You Make Me Feel Like
A Natural Woman.”
Musical Theater
Musical Theater Facts!
• Live theatre that uses singing, dancing, and spoken dialogue to tell
a story
• The biggest productions can be found on Broadway St. in Times
Square, NYC
• Big musical productions can also be found at London’s West End
theaters
• Musicals, as we know them today, were invented in the early
1900’s, in New York City on Broadway
• Musicals evolved from operettas and vaudeville theater, both of
which were popular in the late 1800’s
• The Golden Age of musicals was from the 1940’s through the
1960’s
• Musical productions have become widespread across the country
and the world
Richard Rogers
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American Musical Theater song
composer
Wrote over 900 songs over his career
One of the most famous and successful
Musical Theater composers
Wrote his most famous musicals in the
1940’s and 1950’s during the Golden
Age of Musicals
Collaborated with the lyricists Lorenz
Hart and Oscar Hammerstein
Collaborated with Lorenz Hart on the
musicals Pal Joey and Boys from
Syracuse
He is most famous for the musicals he
wrote with Oscar Hammerstein. They
wrote 11 musicals together, some of
which included Oklahoma! and The
Sound of Music
Rodgers and Hammerstein were the
most important duo of writers during
the Golden Age of Musicals
Oscar Hammerstein
• American Musical Theater lyricist
• Wrote lyrics for over 850 Musical
Theater songs
• One of the most famous and
important Broadway lyricists of
all time
• Trained Stephen Sondheim as a
lyricist early in Sondheim’s
career.
• Teamed up with Richard Rogers
in the 1940’s and 1950’s to
produce musicals such as: The
King and I, Carousel, and South
Pacific, to mention a few.
• He helped build the popularity of
musical theater with his smash
hit musicals
Stephen Sondheim
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American Musical Theater song composer
and lyricist
Started out as a lyricist under the
direction of Oscar Hammerstein
His career took off in 1957 when he
wrote the lyrics for Leonard Bernstein’s
groundbreaking West Side Story
After West Side Story, he began
composing his own music and wrote both
the lyrics and the music for his shows
from the early 1960’s until his last show
in 2003.
Wrote his most famous musicals in the
1970’s and 1980’s
Wrote popular musicals such as Sweeney
Todd, Into the Woods, and Company
He wrote about many controversial
subjects in his musicals, and was one of
very few people in music history to write
both the music and the lyrics for musicals
Andrew Lloyd Webber
• English musical theater song
composer
• Wrote his most famous musicals
in the 1960’s, 1970’s, and 1980’s.
• The wealthiest musical composer
of all time
• His musicals were performed at
London’s West End, as well as on
Broadway
• Wrote famous musicals such as
The Phantom of the Opera, Evita,
and Cats.
• His musicals helped make
musical theater a global
phenomenon
• Phantom has been performed in
dozens of countries all across the
world
Jazz
Jazz Facts!
• Started in the African American community in New Orleans with
Dixieland jazz
• Spread up North to Chicago, Illinois and Harlem, in New York City
• Jazz has it’s origins in Ragtime, Blues, and Spirituals
• Jazz was a reaction to the European music that was popular at the
time. African Americans thought it was too bland and wanted to
create something more upbeat
• Uses the upbeat syncopated rhythms that were common in
ragtime and spirituals
• Uses improvisation (musicians make up some of the music on the
spot
• Has evolved over the decades into many different variations:
Dixieland, Swing, Big Band, Be Bop, Cool Jazz, Afro Cuban, Fusion,
etc.
Louis Armstrong
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African American jazz artist
Nicknamed Satchmo for his big mouth and
cheeks
Played the trumpet, sang, and wrote music
Was famous for his gravelly voice
Was an accomplished scat singer (He
improvised melodies, sounds and rhythms
with his voice)
He was also great at improvising melodies
and rhythms on the trumpet
Was most famous from 1930-1965
Famous Songs: “When the Saints Go
Marching In” “Hello Dolly” and “What a
Wonderful World”
He helped to make jazz popular across
America with his fun personality and catchy
songs. Through radio and TV appearances, he
was the most recognizable face of jazz for
many years
Count Basie
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African American jazz musician
Started out as a jazz pianist and played in jazz
bands in Oklahoma and Kansas City in the
1920’s and 1930’s
Eventually became the leader of his own jazz
band in 1936
His jazz band was known for their jumping
rhythms and drum section in the early years
Led the Count Basie Orchestra from the 1936
till his death in 1984
Later the band played big band and swing music
Whereas a lot of bands would play by memory,
Basie’s band played using elaborate written
scores.
One of the most important jazz bandleaders of
his time
Famous Songs: “One O’Clock Jump” “Oh Lady
be Good” “April in Paris”
John Coltrane
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African American jazz saxophonist and
composer
Played the tenor saxophone
Most popular during the 1950’s and
1960’s
Famous for his unique and very complex
improvisation
He was an innovative musician, who was
always inventing new jazz styles and
changing his sound
Collaborated with the famous trumpet
player, Miles Davis and the famous jazz
pianist, Thelonius Monk
Played experimental and free form jazz
Died at a young age from a drug addiction
Famous Songs: “Impressions” “Psalm” “My
Favorite Things”
Miles Davis
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African American jazz trumpeter and
composer
Although he played from the middle
1940’s up until the early 1990’s, Miles was
most famous in the 1950’s and 1960’s
Helped develop many new styles of jazz,
such as bebop, free jazz, jazz fusion, and
cool jazz
Famously collaborated with Saxophonist
John Coltrane
Wrote the best selling jazz album of all
time: “Kind of Blue” (it went quadruple
platinum)
At the forefront of nearly every jazz
innovation
Famous Songs: “ So What” “All Blues”
“Freddie Freeloader”
Duke Ellington
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African American jazz musician
Started out as a jazz pianist
Became a famous bandleader
Composed and arranged music for his Duke
Ellington Orchestra
Led a jazz band from 1923 till his death in
1974
Played big band and swing music
His band was most popular in the 1930’s
and 1940’s during the Great Depression
and WWII
His group was able to survive the
depression through radio exposure and
constant touring
He helped make jazz into an art form
Famous Songs: “It Don’t mean a thing (if it
ain’t got that swing)” “Take the A Train”
“Moon Indigo”
Ella Fitzgerald
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African American jazz singer
She was most popular in the 1950’s and
1960’s.
Known for her ability to scat
Famous for singing duets with Louis Armstrong
Known as the first lady of song
She sang many different styles of music
including jazz and musical theater
Had a very pure and versatile voice
One of the most influential and recognizable
jazz singers of all time
Performed from the 1930’s to the early 1990’s
She won 14 Grammy Awards over the course
of her career
Famous Songs: “Summertime” “My Funny
Valentine” “Blue Skies”
Dizzy Gillespie
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African American jazz trumpet player and
composer
Most popular in the 1940’s and 1950’s
Very influential in the development of bebop
jazz (very quick and lively jazz that was
developed in the 1940’s), which came after the
enormous popularity of swing and big band
music in the 1930’s and early 1940’s
Also helped to create Afro Cuban jazz in the
late 1940’s, which fused together Latin
American music with jazz
Also known for his scat singing
Played in many important bands over his
career
Performed from the late 1930’s till his death in
1993
Famous Songs: “Manteca” “Night in Tunisia”
“Anthropology”
Charlie Parker
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American jazz saxophonist and composer
Most popular during the 1940’s and the
early 1950’s
Nicknamed “Bird”
Pioneer in the bebop style of jazz, along
with Dizzy Gillespie
Used very complex harmonies
Was an amazing improviser on the
saxophone
Through his music and his lifestyle, he
helped to redefine jazz musicians as artists
and intellectuals
Performed from 1937 till his death in 1955
Died early due to a drug and alcohol
addiction
Famous songs: “Ornithology” “Yardbird
Suite” “Lover Man”
Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley Facts!
• A street in NYC where all the big music publishers were
concentrated in the late 1800’s through the early 1900’s.
• Publishing and selling sheet music was big business before
the invention of the radio and the phonograph (record
player)
• They published all the popular songs of the day
• W. 28th st. between 5th and 6th ave in lower Manhattan
• Was know as Tin Pan Alley because all the different pianos on
the street that were playing different tunes sounded like tin
pans being banged together.
• The music publishers could make or break your career in
those days
Scott Joplin
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Born in the late 1800’s, in Texas
Wrote his most popular music in the
1890’s and early 1900’s
Achieved fame and recognition by
publishing his “Maple Leaf Rag”
African American composer and pianist
Wrote mostly ragtime compositions, but
also wrote two operas
The most famous and influential ragtime
composer
Nicknamed the “King of Ragtime”
Was very skilled in improvisation at the
piano
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Maple Leaf Rag”
and “The Entertainer”
Irving Berlin
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Jewish American composer
Immigrated to New York City from Russia as a
child
Taught himself how to play piano
Wrote over 1,500 songs over his 60 year career
Wrote his most famous music from 1910-1950
He has been called “the greatest songwriter
that has ever lived.”
Wrote popular songs for Tin Pan Alley and
musicals for Broadway
Tried to write songs that would appeal to the
average American
Was actively writing songs from 1907 to 1971
Lived for over 100 years
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Alexander’s Ragtime
Band,” “God Bless America,” and “Blue Skies”
Cole Porter
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American composer
Wrote songs for Tin Pan Alley, Musicals
for Broadway, and Movie music
Wrote his most popular music in the
1930’s and 1940’s
His most famous musicals are “Anything
Goes” and “Kiss Me Kate”
Was known for his witty, complex songs
Wrote both the music and the lyrics for
his songs, unlike many Tin Pan Alley
composers
Wrote music from 1915 to the mid
1950’s
MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “I get a kick out
of you,” “Night and Day,” and “I’ve got
you under my skin.”
George Gershwin
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American composer and pianist
Very prolific songwriter
Wrote songs for Tin Pan Alley
Wrote Broadway musicals
Also wrote classical concert pieces
Made piano roll recordings early
in his career
• Wrote his most popular music
from 1919 till his death in 1937
• Died at an early age
• MOST FAMOUS PIECES:
“Rhapsody in Blue” “An American
in Paris” “Swanee”
Pop Music
Michael Jackson
• American entertainer
• He was most popular in the 1970’s1990’s
• Known as the “King of Pop”
• Began his career with the Jackson 5
• The most successful entertainer of all
time (13 Grammy awards and 17 #1
singles)
• His album Thriller is the best selling
album of all time
• He died of cardiac arrest on June 25th,
2009
• MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Thriller,”
“Beat It,” and “Billie Jean”
Madonna
• American entertainer
• Was trained as a dancer before she
became a singer
• The best selling female rock artist of
the 20th century
• Built her popularity in the 1980’s
• Was most popular in the 1980’s, 90’s
and 2000’s
• Constantly changes her style and
music to stay relevant
• Still making music today
• MOST FAMOUS SONGS: “Ray of
Light,” and “Material Girl”
Classical Music
Leonard Bernstein
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American composer
World renowned for his orchestra
conducting
Longtime conductor of the New York
Philharmonic
Was also a famous music lecturer
He conducted orchestras, wrote music and
gave music lectures from the early 1940’s till
his death in 1990
Was most famous in the 1950’s, 60’s and
70’s
He was important because he was a world
famous conductor and an inventive
composer
Wrote three musicals as well as traditional
classical music
MOST FAMOUS MUSICALS: West Side Story
and Candide
Aaron Copland
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American composer
Wrote both concert and film music
Incorporated American folk music in his
compositions
Studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris
Was important because he helped
create a uniquely American style of
composition
Wrote classical music and conducted
orchestras from 1917 into the 1980’s
Most famous in the 1920’s, 30’s, 40’s
and 50’s
MOST FAMOUS PIECES: Billy the Kid,
Rodeo, and “Fanfare for the Common
Man”
John Philip Sousa
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American composer
Wrote mostly marches for brass bands
Known as the “March King”
Started his career in the Marine Band
Formed his own Sousa Band, which
toured the United States for almost 40
years
He was important because he
popularized band music in America
Wrote band music and conducted bands
from the late 1880’s to the early 1930’s
Was most famous from 1900 through the
early 1930’s
MOST FAMOUS MARCHES: “Stars and
Stripes Forever”(national march) and
“The Washington Post”
Igor Stravinsky
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Russian composer, conductor and pianist
His ballet, “The Rite of Spring” incited a
riot
Was always creating new and different
styles of music
Composed many different styles of music
(neoclassical, serial, rhythmic vitality)
Lived in Los Angeles for the last 30 years
of his life
Was most famous from the 1920’s
through the 1950’s
Composed music from 1909 till the late
1960’s
MOST FAMOUS PIECES: “Rite of Spring”
and “The Firebird”