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Music Appreciation (MUSI 115) Class Fourteen The 20th Century and Beyond Review for the Final Exam Fin de siècle • c 1895-1905 ▫ Belle Époque • “Salon Music” ▫ Erik Satie Gymnopedie No.1 ▫ Kurt Weill Lotte Lenya: “Mack The Knife” The Moldau (1874) • Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Two small springs unite The river forms Hunting horns Country wedding Nightfall/Mermaids Stately castles Rapids Vanishing ◦ VIDEO?! “The Second Vieneese School” • Anton Webern • Arnold Schoenberg • Alban Berg c 1900-1925 12-Tone music (“Serial Music”) Carl Orff (1895-1982) Carmina Burana (1937) • O Fortune, like the moon you are changeable, ever waxing and waning; hateful life first oppresses and then soothes as fancy takes it; poverty and power it melts them like ice. Fate - monstrous and empty, you whirling wheel, you are malevolent, well-being is in vain and always fades to nothing, shadowed and veiled you plague me too; now through the game I bring my bare back to your villainy. Fate is against me in health and virtue, driven on and weighted down, always enslaved. So at this hour without delay pluck the vibrating strings; since Fate strikes down the strong man, everybody weep with me Scott Joplin (1867-1917) “Ragtime” music ▫ New rhythms Syncopation • Scandal! “…And Ragtime, shameless music That'll grab your son and your daughter With the arms of a jungle animal instinct!... From “The Music Man” 1957, Meredith Willson Player Piano/Piano rolls (Demonstration) George Gershwin (1898-1937) Tin Pan Alley • West 28th street, between 5th and 6th Avenues • “Song Plugger” Classical Compositions • Rhapsody in Blue (1924) ▫ Fantasia 2000 (Al Hershfield) • An American In Paris ▫ Gene Kelly/Vincent Minnelli Aaron Copland (1900-90) Fanfare For The Common Man (1942) • House Un-American Committee ▫ Senator Joseph P. McCarthy (R-WI) Leonard Bernstein (1918-90) Career • Conductor ▫ New York Philharmonic Young People’s Concerts • Composer ▫ “Classical” ▫ Broadway Candide (1956, 1973, 1982) • Francois-Marie Voltaire ▫ Candide (1759) “The Best of All Possible Worlds” ▫ Political sarcasm ▫ Religious ridicule • Scandal • Banned “Make Our Garden Grow” You've been a fool, and so have I, But come and by my wife. And let us try, before we die, To make some sense of life. I thought the world was sugar cake, For so our master said. But now I'll teach my hands to bake our loaf of daily bread. We're neither pure, nor wise, nor good; We'll do the best we know. We'll build our house and chop our wood And make our garden grow, And make our garden grow... Let dreamers dream what worlds they please, Those Edens can't be found. The sweetest flowers, the fairest trees Are grown in solid ground. Final Exam Next Week • Cummulative Listening ▫ #2 (Hildegard of Binen) Alleluia, o virga mediatrix) …through and including… ▫ #33 (Scott Joplin) Maple Leaf Rag Non- Cummulative Written Tone Poem Bel Canto Impressionism Nationalism (examples of Italian, French & German) Improvisation fin de siècle Verismo opera Musical Drama (Wagner) Operá Comique Liszt and Pagannini Liebestod Cosima Wagner Salome Rubato Pointillism Fanny Mendelssohn Ritornello/Ideè Fixe/Leitmotive Coloratura Georges Sand Incidental Music Clara Schumann 12-Tone Music Leontyne Price "New Times For Music" Philistinism Nocturne Sample Essays • 1. Discuss the premiere of Beethoven's 9th Symphony, including the week long rehearsal period leading up to the performance and the audience's reaction. • 2. Explain the music and political connection between Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss and Adolf Hitler. Include a discussion of Hitler's use of Wagner’s music, and his love of the last line of Act I of Die Walküre: "Now let our race continue". • 3. Discuss the term "impressionism". How did it originate? What were the aesthetic goals of the composers/painters/writers, etc. of that period? • 4. Discuss the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Salome. Include the final dress rehearsal, premiere and subsequent actions of the city of New York. • 5. Detail the musical journey down the Moldau. Explain how the composer created each vignette. Required Essays • What has been your favorite piece of music we have studied this semester and WHY? • Who do you think was the single most important (influential/greatest) composer we have studied this semester and WHY?