Transcript Recreational Therapy: An Introduction

Recreational Therapy: An Introduction
Chapter 7: Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
PowerPoint Slides
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) refers to a group of disorders characterized by a
limited mental capacity and difficulty with adaptive behaviors such as
managing money, telling time, or handling social interactions appropriately.
Intellectual disability originates before age 18 and may result from physical
causes as in the case of autism or cerebral palsy or from nonphysical causes
such as extreme environmental deprivation, lack of stimulation, and adult
responsiveness.
(American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
Developmental Disability
Developmental disability (DD) is a term used to describe a
group of conditions that express themselves during periods
of time within which key developmental milestones typically
are achieved. By interfering with the achievement of
developmental milestones, DD has a significant long-term
impact across areas such as physical, social, emotional,
cognitive, and communication skill development.
(Crawford, 2015, p. 140)
APA levels of intellectual disability
 Mild Intellectual Disability (85% of persons with ID)
 Moderate Intellectual Disability (10% of persons with ID)
 Severe Intellectual Disability (3% to 4% of persons with ID)
 Profound Intellectual Disability (1% to 2% of persons with ID)
Maladaptive and Deficient Behaviors of Persons with ID and DD
“Many persons with ID and DD present with maladaptive and deficient leisure
behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors reduce the likelihood of integration into the
community and may include actions such as self-stimulatory hand flapping, body
rocking, bizarre vocalizations, and repetitive motions or verbalizations. Deficient
behaviors include inappropriate use of leisure materials (e.g., holding a magazine
or book upside down, throwing game pieces) or incomplete performances of
leisure behaviors (e.g., hitting the ball off the T, but not running to base).”
(Crawford, 2015, p. 149)
Purpose of RT
 “The purpose of recreational therapy is to facilitate the development,
maintenance, and expression of an appropriate leisure lifestyle for the person
with ID or DD.” (Dattilo & Guerin, 2001, p. 136)
 The phrase leisure lifestyle refers to the day-to-day behavioral expression of a
person’s leisure-related attitudes, awareness, and activities. (Peterson, 1981)
Three areas of service:
 Treatment
 Leisure Education
 Recreation Participation
Areas for Leisure Education
 Leisure appreciation
 Self-awareness
 Decision making
 Self-determination
 Leisure activity skills
 Community skills
 Social skills
 Leisure resources