Transcript Dating Violence

Dating Violence
A presentation made possible by The TWITR Project
© 2013-2015 TWITR Project. The Texas Office of the Governor’s Criminal Justice Planning Department has
provided funds for the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center’s TWITR Project with grant numbers
2731701 and 2731702 for the purpose of helping schools become safer environments for learning.
Executive Vice President
F. Marie Hall Institute for Rural and Community Health
Billy U. Philips, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Core Team
Project Director: Matthew E. Lambert, Ph.D.
Writer: Ronald Martin, M.C.; LPC
LaMencia Berryhill, M.Ed.; LPC
Amanda Freeman, M.Ed.; LPC
Adolescence is a key developmental period during which both
gender role attitudes and patterns of abusive dating behaviors
emerge and become established.
Nearly 1 of 6 male and female patients aged 14 to 20 years
and seeking ED care report recent dating violence, and
health disparities remain among this population. Dating
violence was strongly associated with alcohol,
illicit drug use, and depression and correlated with previous
ED service use among female youths
[Ann Emerg Med. 2014;64:405-412.]
Dating Violence Statistics
Nationally, approximately 9% of U.S. teenagers report that
a boyfriend or girlfriend hit, slapped or physically hurt them
on purpose in the past 12 months.
(Centers for Disease Control, 2012)
Approximately 30% of adolescent males and females report
experiencing psychological aggression (e.g., name-calling,
insulting, threatening with violence) from a dating partner
in their lifetime.
(Halpern, Oslak, Young, Martin, & Kupper, 2001)
Adolescents who report this victimization are more likely to
report a number of adverse outcomes in young adulthood,
including binge drinking, depression, suicidal thoughts,
substance use and re-victimization, when compared to
adolescents in non-violent dating relationships.
(Exner-Cortens, Eckenrode, & Rothman, 2013)
Nearly 1.5 million high school students nationwide experience
physical abuse from a dating partner in a single year.
 One in three adolescents in the U.S. is a victim of physical,
sexual, emotional or verbal abuse from a dating partner, a
 One in 10 high school students has been purposefully hit,
slapped or physically hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend.
 One quarter of high school girls have been victims of physical
or sexual abuse.
 Girls and young women between the ages of 16 and 24
experience the highest rate of intimate partner violence -almost triple the national average.
 Violent behavior typically begins between the ages of 12 and
18.
 Only 33% of teens who were in a violent relationship ever told
anyone about the abuse.
Liz Claiborne Inc., Conducted by Teenage Research Unlimited, (February 2005)
Eighty one percent of parents believe teen dating violence
is not an issue or admit they don’t know if it’s an issue.
http://www.med.umich.edu/whp/newsletters/summer04/p03-dating.html
www.loveisrespect.org
Texas
The following charts illustrate the age of sexual assault
offender(s) and victim(s) in Texas.
 The largest group of offenders by age are 15-19 years of
age or grade level 10th through college freshmen.
 The largest group of victims are 10-14 years of age or
grade levels 5th through 9th
Male Peer Involvement
 Peers encouraging or engaging in aggressive acts against
the female partner
 Peers sharing damaging information with the boyfriend
about his girlfriend
 Male peers seen as threats when they are good friends
with the girlfriend
 Peers minimizing the aggression
 Male peers keeping tabs on the girlfriend
Female Peer Involvement
 Female peers deserting the recipients of the aggression
when they had been friends
 Female peers heating with the male partners when they
knew he was dating someone else
 Females being the audience for girlfriends disparaging
their boyfriend in public
 Female peers provoking the boyfriend to aggression
Individual Risk Factors for
Dating Violence
 Adolescents that are depressed
 Adolescents that exhibit general aggression
 Adolescents that have a history of sexual aggression
 Adolescents with a history of prior dating violence
Predictors for Dating Violence
Risk Factors
Girls
Anger
Family Conflict
School deviance
models
Neighborhood
deviance models
Anxiety
Boys
Anger
Family conflict
School deviance
models
Heavy alcohol use
For both boys and girls, anger, family conflict, and having
models of deviant behavior in the school were shared risk
factors, and holding prosocial beliefs was a shared
protective factor. For girls, anxiety and having models of
deviant behavior in the neighborhood were additional
shared risk factors.
For boys, heavy alcohol use was an additional shared risk
factor and parental monitoring was an additional shared
protective factor.
2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
Alcohol misuse, illicit drug use, and depression had
significant associations with dating violence in the
multivariate analyses for both sexes.
Predictors for Dating Violence
Protective Factors
Girls
Boys
Prosocial beliefs
Prosocial beliefs
Friend prosocial
beliefs
Parental monitoring
Shared Protective Factors
 Individuals that are able to show empathy
 Individuals that have good grades
 Individuals that have verbal IQ
 Individuals having a positive relationship with
one’s mother
 Students feeling a sense of school attachment
Interventions
There is strong evidence dating violence prevention
programs are effective in preventing physical, sexual, and
emotional violence in adolescent dating relationships and
may also help to prevent IPV and SV among adults. These
programs aim to build communication and negotiation skills
among early adolescents with the assumption that these
healthy attitudes and skills will carry through as they
transition into later adolescent years and form long-term
intimate relationships.
 Programs that promote prosocial beliefs and improve
emotional competencies, such as anger management,
and social learning.
 Programs that incorporate the components of positive
youth development programs.
References
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Physical Dating Violence Among High School
Students – United States, 2003,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 19, 2006, Vol.
55, No. 19.
 Davis, Antoinette, MPH. 2008. Interpersonal and Physical Dating Violence among Teens. The
National Council on Crime and Delinquency Focus. Available at
http://www.nccdrc.org/nccd/pubs/Dating%20Violence%20Among%20Teens.pdf.
 Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. 2004. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance --- United
States, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 53(SS02);1-96. Available at
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5302a1.htm.
 Schoen, C. et al., The Commonwealth Fund Survey for the Health of Adolescent Girls,
November 1997.
 Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice and Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence in the United
States, 1993-2004.
 Rosado, Lourdes, The Pathways to Youth Violence; How Child Maltreatment and Other Risk
Factors Lead Children to Chronically Aggressive Behavior. 2000. American Bar Association
Juvenile Justice Center.
 Foshee VA, Linder GF, Bauman KE, et al. The Safe Dates Project: theoretical basis, evaluation design, and
selected baseline findings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1996;12(2):39-47.
 Silverman, J, Raj A, et al. 2001. Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance Use,
Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy, and Suicidality. JAMA. 286:572-579.
Available at http://jama.amaassn.org/cgi/reprint/286/5/572
 Decker M, Silverman J, Raj A. 2005. Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing and
Diagnosis Among Adolescent Females. Pediatrics. 116: 272-276.
 D. M. Ackard, Minneapolis, MN, and D. Neumark-Sztainer, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public
Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, Date Violence and Date Rape Among Adolescents:
Associations with Disordered Eating Behaviors and Psychological Health, Child Abuse & Neglect, 26 455473, (2002).
 Break the Cycle 2009 State-by-State Teen Dating Violence Report Cards. Available at
http://www.breakthecycle.org/resources-state-law-report-cards-2009.html.
 I. Sagatun-Edwards, E. Hyman, et al. The Santa Clara County Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence
Court, Journal of the Center for Families, Children & the Courts. 2003.
 Liz Claiborne Inc., Conducted by Teenage Research Unlimited, (February 2005).
 “Women’s Health,” June/July 2004, Family Violence Prevention Fund and Advocates for Youth, Available at
http://www.med.umich. edu/whp/newsletters/summer04/p03-dating.html.
 Catalano RF, Berglund ML, Ryan JAM, et al. Positive youth development in the United States: Research
findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci
2004;591:98e124.