Transcript Implicit Bias - Race Matters for Juvenile Justice

Race Matters for Juvenile Justice:
An Introduction to Implicit Bias
Your Name, Title
Audience, Location
January 1, 2016
Overview of the Presentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who we are and how we came to this work
Brain Science and Heuristics
Explicit Bias and Implicit Bias
Measuring and Addressing Bias at the
Individual and System Levels
5. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
This is your
brain.
This is law
school.
This is your
brain after law
school.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
This is your
brain.
This is implicit
bias.
This is your
brain after law
school.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
This is your
brain.
This is implicit
bias.
This is your
brain after
examining
implicit bias.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Brain Science
Amygdala/ae
and their
purpose/role
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Amygdala/ae and Automatic Processing
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OH MY! - Amygdalae!
Brain Science: Heuristics
We are bombarded with information and stimuli
every minute which affect the hundreds of
thousands (or more) decisions that we make
every day
Our brain has to quickly sort
through and categorize
information and stimuli for us to
function
And that (automatic processing)
can be very useful…
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Please read the following…
I adda a qwer zcada eqai adfjk, fdaklad qeeqmoxn pwiq te
nveh majdury. U dogn fo usni rep soz cocley. Zorg noyb goo?
Now, read this…
I cnnoat blveiee I aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I am rdanieg.
Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't
mttaer inwaht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny
iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it
wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos
not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Read the Word:
Say the Color of the Word:
Heuristics
Heuristics are mental shortcuts that
allow individuals to solve problems and
make decisions/judgments quickly
and efficiently.
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Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Anchoring
“Just World” Heuristic
Categorizing and Generalizing
http://psychology.about.com/od/hindex/g/heuristic.htm
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Availability Heuristic
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Availability Heuristic
Cause of Death
People’s Choice Annual US Totals
Newspaper
Reports/Year
Lung Cancer
43%
140,000
3
Vehicle
Accidents
57%
46,000
127
Emphysema
45%
22,000
1
Homicides
55%
19,000
264
Tuberculosis
23%
4,000
0
Fire and Flames
77%
7,000
24
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Representativeness Heuristic
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Anchoring
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“Just World” Heuristic
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Categorizing & Generalizing
Categorizing and Generalizing
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Bicycle Thief
http://youtu.be/ge7i60GuNRg
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B: Biases
R: Really
A: Are
I: Inherently
N: Normal
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Explicit Bias
The NCSC defines
explicit bias as the
attitudes or beliefs
that one endorses
at a conscious
level.
Because they are accessible through
introspection, individuals can choose to
conceal or hide explicit biases in order to
appear more socially/politically correct.
www.ncsc.org/ibreport
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Implicit Bias
In contrast to explicit
bias, implicit bias
operates outside of
awareness.
It is the judgment or
behavior that results from subtle cognitive
processes that operate at a level below
conscious awareness and without intentional
control.
www.ncsc.org/ibreport
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Measuring Implicit Bias on the
Individual Level
People may have attitudes
they are unwilling to selfreport; and people may have
attitudes they are unable to
self-report.
An implicit association test can
measure those attitudes and
beliefs.
For more information, please
visit: implicit.harvard.edu
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
IAT Knee-Tapping Instructions
Simulate computer keys with left and right
knees
Respond by tapping lightly with right and left
hands
Circle of words (names or valence words), go
clockwise direction from starting point, and
go around entire circle of words once
Do this as quickly and accurately as you can
If you get it wrong, tap the correct knee
before moving to the next word
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
IAT Name Categories
BLACK
WHITE
Ebony
Marquis
Precious
Jada
Malik
Jazmin
Tyrone
Lakisha
Jamal
Maxwell
Heather
Jake
Molly
Holly
Luke
Allison
Hunter
Hannah
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
IAT Word Categories
GOOD
joy
laughter
peace
happy
friend
paradise
love
pleasure
ecstasy
BAD
hatred
terrible
war
awful
failure
violent
death
evil
tragedy
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Malik
Molly
S
T
A
R
T
Maxwell
Heather
Jamal
Ebony
Hannah
LEFT for
RIGHT for
Hunter
BLACK
WHITE
Lakisha
Marquis
Jake
Precious
Tyrone
Jada
Allison
Molly
Jazmin
Malik
Luke
Holly
tragedy
ecstasy
S
T
A
R
T
hatred
peace
hatred
terrible
joy
LEFT for
RIGHT for
love
BAD
GOOD
evil
joy
friend
failure
death
war
pleasure
happy
violent
awful
laughter
paradise
failure
Jake
S
T
A
R
T
Malik
joy
awful
Tyrone
LEFT for
Jazmin
RIGHT for
BAD or
GOOD or
BLACK
WHITE
happy
Jamal
love
Molly
hatred
war
Luke
Ebony
peace
terrible
Jada
Allison
friend
Allison
Maxwell
S
T
A
R
T
Jamal
Hannah
Jamal
Lakisha
Ebony
LEFT for
RIGHT for
Heather
WHITE
BLACK
Hunter
Allison
Marquis
Tyrone
Precious
Jazmin
Molly
Luke
Jada
Malik
Jake
Holly
failure
Jake
S
T
A
R
T
Malik
joy
awful
Precious
Ebony
LEFT for
RIGHT for
BAD or
GOOD or
WHITE
BLACK
happy
Marquis
love
Heather
hatred
war
Luke
Maxwell
peace
terrible
Tyrone
Molly
friend
The Monkey Business Illusion
http://youtu.be/IGQmdoK_ZfY
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Design
Participants were randomly assigned to a 3 (race of prime: White prime,
Black prime, or no-prime control) 2 (object type: crime relevant or crime
irrelevant) mixed-model design with object type serving as the withinsubject factor. The picture frame at which crime-relevant objects could be
detected was the primary dependent variable.
Black face prime or a White face prime displayed for 30 ms. Last, the
postmask (which was identical to the premask) was presented until participants pressed the response key. Participants in the no-prime control
condition were presented with the same pre- and postmask, but instead of
seeing a face they saw an uninterpretable line drawing produced by Adobe
Photoshop software. Participants’ detection latency of the flash was mea-
Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research
1. A sample of stimuli used for Study 1. Participants were presented with 41 frames of a continuum
StudyFigure
participants
(Berkeley
& Stanford
University
students)
displaying
an image that initially
was severely degraded
(e.g., Frame 1), became
less degraded (e.g.,
Frame 20),
and finally contained no degradation at all (e.g., Frame 41).
were presented with 41 frames of a continuum displaying an
image that initially was severely degraded (Frame 1), became
less degraded (e.g., Frame 20), and finally contained no
degradation at all (Frame 41) – researchers measured how
quickly participants could recognize the image.
http://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/index.html
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research
Crime Irrelevant Objects
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
No Prime
White Prime
http://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/index.html
Black Prime
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research
Crime Irrelevant Objects
Crime Relevant Objects
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
No Prime
White Prime
http://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/index.html
Black Prime
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research
Crime Irrelevant Objects
Crime Relevant Objects
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
No Prime
White Prime
http://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/index.html
Black Prime
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research
Crime Irrelevant Objects
Crime Relevant Objects
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
No Prime
White Prime
http://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/index.html
Black Prime
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Individual/Systemic Reponses
But…does the existence of an implicit
preference (bias) = biased behavior?
Good Question!
Emerging research suggests the answer –
at an aggregate level –
is YES.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Multivariate Analyses
With almost a million youth, this
study allowed researchers to
compare otherwise identical
White, Hispanic, and Black
students committing the same
behaviors and controlling for 83
distinct variables.
So matched on all 83 study
variables, Black students had a
31% higher likelihood of
disciplinary action when
compared with otherwise
completely similar White and
Hispanic students with the same
offenses.
http://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Breaking_Schools_Rules_Report_Final.pdf
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
What’s the Impact of Implicit Bias on Systems?
Measuring Systemic Responses: Racial
Equity Impact Analyses (2010-15 Data)
Relative Rate Index
(Times more or less likely than a White
person)
7.
5.25
3.5
Black
1.75
Hispanic
White
0.
Health
Education
Criminal Justice
CPS
Economic
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
4
2
The mission of Race Matters for Juvenile Justice is to
build a collaboration of community stakeholders who
will bring their constituencies to the table and
partner in the Court’s effort to reduce
disproportionality and disparities.
Our vision is a Charlotte-Mecklenburg Community
where the composition and outcomes of juvenile
courts cannot be predicted by race or ethnicity.
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
The RMJJ Collaborative
National & Community Partners
National Council of Juvenile &
Family Court Judges
Casey Family Programs
N.C. Administrative Office of the
Courts Court Improvement Project
N.C. Division of Juvenile Justice
Racial Equity Institute
Mecklenburg County District
Attorney’s Office
Juvenile Court Judges of the 26th
Judicial District & Office of the
Family Court Administrator
Mecklenburg County Department of
Social Services & Youth and Family
Services
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police
Department
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
Judicial District 26 Guardian ad Litem
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Community
Relations Committee
Justice Initiatives, Inc.
Council for Children’s Rights
UNC Charlotte- School of Social Work
Community Building Initiative
ForeSight Leadership Training Institute
The Possibility Project–Charlotte
Mecklenburg Ministries
•
Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www.rmjj.org
Current RMJJ Initiatives
Workforce
Dev. &
Race
Analysis
Public
Will &
Communication
Research,
Data, &
Evaluation
Legislative
Policy, and
Economic
Reform
Catalyzing
Change,
Comm.Part
& Youth
Initiative
Practice
Change
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Questions?
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Contacts and Protection
Please cite Race Matters for Juvenile Justice –
Charlotte www.rmjj.org when referring to this
material as the compilation is protected
intellectual property. It may be used for individual
education by may not be reproduced or
distributed without written permission from RMJJ.
Most of the information and data are publicly
available and the sources have been provided.
We encourage you to learn more! For additional
information, please contact: [email protected]
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