Transcript Social psychology

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. NELL TASTES HER FOOD, THEN SALTS
IT. YOU ASSUME THAT FOOD NEEDED
SALT, THEREFORE, YOU ATTRIBUTE HER
ACTIONS TO A(N)…
A. Internal cause.
B. External cause.
C. Setting.
D. Situational demand.
B
2. THERE IS A STRONG RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN DATING FREQUENCY AND
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS…
A. For males.
B. For females.
C. For both males and females.
D. Beyond the initial stage of attraction.
B
3. _______ IS THE BEST KNOWN FOR
HIS RESEARCH ON CONFORMITY.
A. Asch
B. Rubin.
C. Schachter
D. Zimbardo.
A
4. WHICH IS TRUE REGARDING
CHOOSING A MATE?
A. People who marry are highly similar in age, education, race, religion, and
ethnic background.
B. The highest correlation between people who marry involves their
temperaments.
C. In the United States kindness and understanding are ranked as being the
least important qualities in a mate.
D. Men rate physical attractiveness as a less important quality in a mate
than women do.
A
5. THE STUDY IN WHICH COLLEGE STUDENTS
ATTACHED A BUMPER STICKER FOR A MILITANT BLACK
ORGANIZATION TO THEIR CARS AND THEN RECEIVED
FREQUENT TRAFFIC CITATIONS DEMONSTRATES…
A. Group prejudice.
B. Scapegoating.
C. Personal prejudice.
D. Discrimination.
D
6. ACCORDING TO JANIS, JOHN F.
KENNEDY’S BAY OF PIGS FAILURE
WAS CAUSED IN LARGE PART BY…
A. Brainstorming.
B. Groupthink.
C. The self-censorship effect.
D. The expert power effect.
B
7. WHEN WE PREFORM WELL, WE
TYPICALLY ATTRIBUTE OUR
SUCCESS TO ______.
A. Internal characteristics
B. Our group of colleagues
C. External circumstances
D. Our personality type
A
8. WHICH IS TRUE OF SOCIAL
STEREOTYPES?
A. They are always negative.
B. They tend to be rational.
C. Likable members of a rejected group are perceived as an “exception.”
D. University students show more evidence of ethnic stereotyping now than
they did in the past.
C
9. A _______ GROUP IS A GROUP
BASED ON SOCIAL COMPARISON.
A. Focus
B. Personal identification
C. Reference
D. Comparison
C
10. DURING THE STANFORD
PRISON STUDY,
A. Guards did not take their roles seriously.
B. Guards readily assumed their roles as agents of force.
C. The prisoners and the guards quickly became friendly to each other.
D. Three prisoners were so severely beaten they had to be hospitalized.
B
11. SCAPEGOATING IS RELEASING
AGGRESSION ON _______ TARGETS.
A. Moving
B. Unsafe
C. Safe
D. None of these
C
12. DURING RESEARCH IN A
SIMULATED PRISON SITUATION…
A. Three prisoners were so severely beaten they had to be hospitalized.
B. Guards did not take their job seriously.
C. Prisoners quickly became passive and dehumanized.
D. The prisoners and the guards quickly became friendly towards one
another.
C
13. THE DEGREE OF ATTRACTION
AMONG GROUP MEMBERS RELATES
TO THE DIMENSION OF…
A. Compatibility.
B. Structure.
C. Cohesiveness.
D. Conformity.
C
14. ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE, ATTITUDES
ARE CHANGED BECAUSE…
A. Emotionally persuasive arguments unfreeze beliefs.
B. Logical arguments alter the belief component of an attitude.
C. Clashing thoughts to cause discomfort.
D. Acting contrary to one’s beliefs for a large reward causes dissonance.
C
15. AN EXAMPLE OF A
SUPERORDINATE GOAL IS…
A. Getting good grades.
B. Making money.
C. Making friends.
D. Protecting clean water supplies.
D
16. YOU ARE WALKING INTO A STORE WHEN A MAN RUDELY CUTS
IN FRONT OF YOU, ALMOST SHOVING YOU, SO THAT HE MAY ENTER
THE STORE FIRST. “WHAT A JERK!” YOU THINK TO YOURSELF. AS
YOU ENTER THE STORE, YOU SEE THE SAME MAN PERFORMING AN
EMERGENCY TRACHEOTOMY ON A WOMEN WITH A COLLAPSED
WINDPIPE. YOU HAVE JUST…
A. Discounted a person’s actions due to situational demands.
B. Self-handicapped.
C. Overemphasized the object in this action sequence.
D. Made the fundamental attribution error.
D
17. ACCORDING TO EVOLUTIONARY
PSYCHOLOGISTS,…
A. Women tend to be concerned with whether will devote time and
resources to a relationship.
B. Men place less emphasis on physical attractiveness.
C. Women place more emphasis on sexual fidelity.
D. Men are biologically driven to have multiple partners.
A
18. IN NORTH AMERICA, MALE
FRIENDSHIPS ARE _________ BASED AND
FEMALE FRIENDSHIPS ARE ________.
A. Activity; based on sharing feelings.
B. Attraction; based on activity.
C. Feeling; based on activity.
D. Activity; based on attraction.
A
19. WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS IS
FALSE?
A. Beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances.
B. Looks are less related to dating frequency for men than for women.
C. For men, there is little relationship between attractiveness and the
achievement of status.
D. For marriage partners there is a tendency for attractive men to be paired
with highly educated women with high incomes.
D
20. MODERATE SELF-DISCLOSURE
TYPICALLY LEADS TO…
A. Competence matching.
B. Rejection.
C. Romantic attraction.
D. Reciprocity.
D
21. RESEARCH BY DONNERSTEIN SUGGESTS
THAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES MOST LIKELY TO
INCREASE VIOLENT SEXUAL ACTS AGAINST
WOMEN (SUCH AS RAPE) INVOLVE:
A. Newspaper publicity given to rapists.
B. Direct exposure to persons who have committed such acts.
C. Media images of violence.
D. Pornographic stimuli that generate sexual fantasies.
C
22. WHEN SUBJECTS IN MILGRAM’S
OBEDIENCE EXPERIMENTS RECEIVED
THEIR ORDERS OVER THE PHONE,
THEY…
A. Conformed more completely due to the formality of the telephoned
instructions.
B. Completely refused to participate.
C. Were only slightly more obedient than they were in face-to-face
conditions.
D. Were far less obedient.
D
23. SOLOMON ASCH’S CLASSIC EXPERIMENT (IN
WHICH SUBJECTS JUDGED A STANDARD LINE
AND COMPARISON LINES) WAS ARRANGED TO
TEST THE LIMITS OF…
A. Social perception.
B. Indoctrination.
C. Coercive power.
D. Conformity.
D
24. AGGRESSION IS BEST
DEFINED AS…
A. Hostility.
B. Anger.
C. Any action carried out with the intent of harming another person.
D. None of these.
C
25. ATTRIBUTION THEORY CONCERNS
OUR TENDENCY TO EXPLAIN OUR
BEHAVIOR AND THAT OF OTHERS…
A. By external causes rather than internal causes.
B. By inferring causes on the basis of internal or external factors.
C. By internal rather than external causes.
D. Based on personality factors.
B
26. THE _______ HYPOTHESIS STATES
THAT FRUSTRATION TENDS TO LEAD
TO AGGRESSION.
A. Frustration-aggression
B. Biological instinct
C. Social learning
D. Cognitive dissonance
A
27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A
TESTAMENT TO THE POWER OF
ROLES?
A. Cialdini’s door-in-the-face effect
B. Milgram’s message experiment
C. Zilstein’s shock research
D. Zimbardo’s prison experiment
D
28. ARABS ARE TYPICALLY DEPICTED IN THE
MEDIA AS OIL-RICH BUT IGNORANT AND
SAVAGE. IN A TIME OF WARD WITH AN ARAB
COUNTRY, THIS IMAGE WOULD BE USED…
A. To make it easier for soldiers to kill the enemy.
B. To educate the population regarding the enemy.
C. To strip away the emotional insulation of our soldiers.
D. Very little, since previous attempts at dehumanizing (during W.W.II for
example) were ineffective.
A
29. A COMPULSION BY DECISION MAKERS TO
MAINTAIN EACH OTHER’S APPROVAL, EVEN AT
THE COST OF CRITICAL THINKING AND GOOD
JUDGMENT, IS CALLED…
A. The halo effect.
B. Expert power.
C. groupthink.
D. Social conformity.
C
30. THE PERSON WHO AGREES TO A
SMALL REQUEST INITIALLY IS MORE
LIKELY LATER TO COMPLY WITH A
LARGER DEMAND. THIS DESCRIBES THE…
A. door-in-the-face-effect.
B. Foot-in-the-door effect.
C. Low-ball technique.
D. High-ball technique.
B
31. FOR MOST AMERICAN ADULTS, AN
INVISIBLE SPATIAL ENVELOPE DEFINING
THEIR MOST INTIMATE SPACE…
A. Extends four feet from their body.
B. Extends an “arm’s reach” from their body.
C. Is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends.
D. Extends about 18 inches out from their body.
D
32. WHICH THEORY HOLDS THAT A
RELATIONSHIP MUST BE
PROFITABLE TO ENDURE?
A. Complementary need theory
B. Social exchange theory
C. Gain-loss theory
D. Social comparison theory
B
33. PREJUDICE BASED ON
DISPLACED AGGRESSION
REPRESENTS A FORM OF…
A. Projection.
B. Discrimination.
C. Scapegoating.
D. Authoritarianism
C
34. SOCIAL POSITION IN A
GROUP DETERMINES ONE’S…
A. Competence.
B. Autokinetic norms.
C. Role.
D. Usefulness.
C
35. YOU ARE ASKED BY A CLOSE FRIEND TO OUTLINE A COMPLETE
TEXT TO AID HER STUDYING FOR A FINAL EXAM. YOU REFUSE TO
HELP. LATER, YOUR FRIEND ASKS IF YOU WOULD AT LEAST
OUTLINE TOW CHAPTERS. FEELING GUILTY, YOU NOW AGREE TO
HELP. YOUR BEHAVIOR IS PREDICTED BY THE…
A. Foot-in-the-face technique.
B. High-ball effect.
C. Low-ball technique.
D. Door-in-the-face effect.
D
36. _______ ATTACHMENT STYLE IS
MARKED BY CONFLICTING FEELINGS OF
AFFECTION, ANGER, AND EMOTIONAL
TURMOIL.
A. Mutual
B. Secure
C. Avoidant
D. Ambivalent
D
37. ZIMBARDO INTERPRETED THE
RESULTS OF HIS SIMULATED PRISON
STUDY AS AN INDICATION OF THE…
A. Powerful influence of roles on people.
B. Tendency to show compassion to people in need.
C. Weakness of social pressure in some situations.
D. Tendency to displace aggression.
A
38. WITH REGARD TO THE EFFECTS
OF TV ON CHILDREN, WE CAN
CONCLUDE THAT…
A. TV has little effect on the behavior of children.
B. TV only increases aggressive behavior in children.
C. TV only increases prosocial behavior in children.
D. The amount of TV viewing may be related to aggressive behavior later in
life.
D
39. SUBJECTS IN MILGRAM’S EXPERIMENT WHO GAVE
LARGE SHOCKS RATIONALIZED THAT THEY WERE NOT
PERSONALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS. THIS
RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR WILLINGNESS TO
COMMIT INHUMANE ACTS AS A RESULT OF…
A. Coercive power.
B. Obedience to a legitimate authority.
C. Expert power.
D. Conformity to group pressure.
B
40. THE PROCESS OF CHANGING
YOUR BEHAVIOR TO MATCH THAT OF
OTHERS IN A GROUP IS…
A. Norming.
B. Forming a social contract.
C. Conformity.
D. Standardization.
C
41. IF EVERYONE LEAVES FIVE MINUTES
BEFORE THE GAME IS OVER TO AVOID A
TRAFFIC JAM, THE RESULTING TRAFFIC
JAM WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF…
A. Social impregnation.
B. A social trap.
C. Groupthink.
D. Self-handicapping.
B
42. PEOPLE’S INVISIBLE “SPATIAL
ENVELOPE” DEFINES THEIR ________, AND
EXTENDS “I” OR “ME” BOUNDARIES PAST
THE SKIM.
A. Spatial role
B. Personal space
C. Ego location
D. Proximal location
B
43. A STUDENT WHO IS UNPREPARED FOR A FINAL EXAM
COMPLAINS THAT HE HAS A STOMACH ACHE AND CANNOT TAKE
THE EXAM. IF THE STUDENT’S ROOMMATE IGNORES THIS
COMPLAINT, HE OR SHE HAS PROBABLY ATTRIBUTED THE
STUDENT’S SYMPTOMS TO THE…
A. Object.
B. Actor.
C. Situation.
D. Need for affiliation.
C
44. PHYSICAL PROXIMITY INCREASES
ATTRACTION BECAUSE IT…
A. Increases frequency of contact.
B. Enhances social comparisons.
C. Establishes common norms.
D. Reduces development of incompatible roles.
A
45. THE STUDY OF UNSPOKEN RULES
FOR THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL
SPACE IS CALLED…
A. Kinesics.
B. Psychoecology.
C. Proxemics.
D. Territoriality.
C
46. SOMEONE ASKS YOU TO BRING DIP TO A PARTY AND
YOU AGREE. LATER THE PERSON ASKS YOU TO ALSO
BRING POPCORN, CHIPS, AND SODAS. THE PERSON HAS
USED WHICH COMPLIANCE STRATEGY?
A. The low-ball technique
B. The over-commitment strategy
C. The whole-part technique
D. The passive obedience
A
47. THE REAL DANGER OF
“GROUPTHINK” IS THAT OF…
A. Is contagious.
B. Occurs in cohesive groups.
C. Disrupts coordinated efforts at group problem solving.
D. Leads to a suspension of critical thinking.
D
48. THE ORGANIZATION OF ROLES,
PATTERNS OF COMMUNICATION, AND
POWER IN A GROUP DEFINES THE
GROUP’S…
A. Status.
B. Structure.
C. Cohesiveness.
D. Norms.
B
49. THOSE ROLES WHICH ONE
ATTAINS VOLUNTARILY ARE
CALLED…
A. Ascribed roles.
B. Achieved roles.
C. Positions.
D. Social selves.
B
50. SOCIAL TRAPS CAN BE
DISMANTLED BY CHANGING…
A. Rewards and costs.
B. Supply and demand.
C. Compliance and assertiveness.
D. The tendency toward groupthink.
A
51. A LEARNED DISPOSITION TO
RESPOND TO PEOPLE, OBJECTS, OR
INSTITUTIONS IN A POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE WAY DEFINES…
A. Cognitive dissonance.
B. Socialization.
C. Attitudes.
D. Stereotypes.
C
52. IN GENERAL, HELPING BEHAVIOR
IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IS
DISCOURAGED BY…
A. The presence of a large number of persons.
B. Low costs associated with helping.
C. Smaller social distance between the helped and the victim.
D. Fear of cognitive dissonance.
A
53. FRUSTRATION PROBABLY
ENCOURAGES AGGRESSION
BECAUSE IT…
A. Triggers genetic mechanisms.
B. Raises arousal levels and sensitivity to cues for aggression.
C. Triggers biological cues for aggression.
D. Relieves tension.
B
54. WHEN A PERSON WITH LITTLE OR NO
AUTHORITY MAKES A DIRECT REQUEST
TO ANOTHER PERSON, THE SITUATION
INVOLVES…
A. Compliance.
B. Obedience.
C. Coercion.
D. Conformity.
A
55. THE FACT THAT PHYSICALLY ATTRACTIVE
PEOPLE ALSO TEND TO BE RATED MORE
HIGHLY ON TRAITS SUCH AS INTELLIGENCE
AND HONESTY IS AN EXAMPLE OF…
A. Social magnetism.
B. Role modeling.
C. Social comparisons.
D. The halo effect.
D
56. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS CONCERNING
“JIGSAW” CLASSROOMS IS TRUE?
A. Jigsaw groups emphasize cooperation over competition.
B. Compared to children in traditional classrooms, children in jigsaw groups
were less prejudiced but had slightly lower grades.
C. Children in jigsaw groups initially learn “pieces” of information together as
a group.
D. Even though jigsaw groups as a whole preform better, high achievers
tend to do worse in such groups than when learning alone.
A
57. NEGATIVE ATTITUDES THAT ARE
TINGED WITH FEAR, HATRED, OR
SUSPICION IS A DEFINITION OF…
A. Prejudice.
B. Authoritarianism.
C. Discrimination.
D. Displaced aggression.
A
58. DURING HIS RISE TO POWER, HITLER
BLAMED THE JEWS FOR GERMANY’S
ECONOMIC WOES. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE
OF…
A. Personal discrimination.
B. Social stereotypes.
C. Symbolic prejudice.
D. Scapegoating.
D
59. WHEN YOU HAVE “CLASHING
THOUGHTS,” YOU ARE
EXPERIENCING…
A. Conformity pressure.
B. Obedience pressure.
C. Cognitive dissonance.
D. Open-ended role conflict.
C
60. INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION IS
ENCOURAGED BY WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING?
A. Personal space
B. Proxemics
C. Competition
D. Similarity
D
61. VANESSA IS FEMALE, A DAUGHTER,
AND A YOUNG ADULT. THE ROLES THAT
SHAPE HER BEHAVIOR ARE CALLED
________ ROLES.
A. Achieved
B. Ascribed
C. Ascertained
D. Actualized
B
62. DESENSITIZATION IS…
A. The imitation of an undesired response.
B. The removal of inhibition.
C. Reduction of emotional sensitivity.
D. An increase in emotional sympathy.
C
63. WITH RESPECT TO SOCIAL TRAPS,
PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO RESTRAIN
THEMSELVES FROM INAPPROPRIATE
BEHAVIOR IF…
A. Others are in the same social trap.
B. The social trap involves lack of assertiveness.
C. They believe others will also.
D. The trap involves an element of groupthink.
C
64. JANIS RECOMMENDS WAYS TO
PREVENT GROUPTHINK, WHICH
INCLUDE…
A. Focusing on subjective evaluation and interpretation.
B. Having the leader state personal preferences before discussion.
C. Focusing on the decision, as opposed to the process.
D. Encouraging someone to play devil’s advocate.
D
65. PEOPLE’S ATTITUDES ABOUT
WOMEN AND RAPE PRIMARILY COME
FROM…
A. Sexual images in X-rated books.
B. Sexual images in X-rated movies.
C. Violent images in mainstream movies and magazines.
D. Sexual images in mainstream movies and magazines.
C
66. THE JUDGE WHO IS CAUGHT
CHEATING ON HIS INCOME TAX IS
LIKELY EXPERIENCING…
A. Role diffusion.
B. Attribution failure.
C. Role conflict.
D. Attribution error.
C
67. ALCOHOL…
A. Is a direct cause of aggression.
B. Lowers the threshold for aggression.
C. Causes relaxation and raises the threshold for aggression.
D. Induces hypoglycemia and frustration.
B
68. COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
IS BASED ON THE HUMAN NEED
FOR…
A. Self-actualization.
B. Gain-loss.
C. Cognitive dissonance.
D. Consistency.
D
69. ACCORDING TO EVOLUTIONARY
PSYCHOLOGISTS,
A. Men tend to be concerned with whether mates will devote time and
resources to a relationship.
B. Men place more emphasis on physical attractiveness.
C. Women place more emphasis on sexual fidelity.
D. Women are biologically driven to have multiple partners.
B
70. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS A
FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF
OBEDIENCE IN MILGRAM'S SERIES OF
EXPERIMENTS?
A. Whether the experimenter was male or female
B. Distance between the teacher and the learner
C. Amount of complaining, shouting, and crying by the learner
D. The tone of voice used by the experimenter
B
71. DISCRIMINATION REFERS TO
BEHAVIORS THAT…
A. Allow us to tell one ethnic group from another.
B. Occur when members of a racial group threaten an individual’s security.
C. Prevent individuals from doing things they should be able to do.
D. Are directed toward a particular.
C
72. IN AN EXPERIMENT IN WHICH A
“STUDENT” SIMULATED A SEIZURE,
HELPING WAS INHIBITED BY…
A. Conditions employing smaller groups.
B. Diffusion of responsibility.
C. Group discussion.
D. Reference cognitive dissonance.
B
73. SHARING YOUR OWN PRIVATE
THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS IS
CALLED…
A. Self-talk.
B. Autonomy.
C. Self-disclosure.
D. Introspection.
C
74. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS A
SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN DETERMINING
THE DEGREE OF OBEDIENCE IN
MILGRAM’S SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS?
A. The tone of voice used by the experimenter
B. Whether the experimenter was male or female
C. Amount of complaining, shouting, and crying by the learner
D. The setting in which the experiment was conducted
D
75. WHEN MAKING THE “ATTRIBUTION
ERROR,” WE TEND TO OVERESTIMATE
THE IMPORTANCE OF _________ IN
JUDGING THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHERS.
A. Personal factors
B. Situational matters
C. Intelligence
D. Motivation
A
76. PEOPLE WHO THINK THEIR ETHNIC,
NATIONAL, OR RELIGIOUS GROUP IS
SUPERIOR TO OTHERS ARE CALLED…
A. Authoritarian.
B. Dogmatic.
C. Ethnocentric.
D. Rigid.
C
77. YOU DO NOT WANT A LARGE, UNATTRACTIVE POLITICAL
SIGN IN YOUR YARD. HOWEVER, IF YOU INITIALLY AGREE TO
PUT A SMALL SIGN IN YOUR WINDOW, LATER YOU ARE MORE
LIKELY TO ALLOW THE LARGE SIGN IN YOUR YARD. THIS
COURSE OF EVENT IS DESCRIBED BY THE…
A. Foot-in-the-face technique.
B. Low-ball technique.
C. Door-in-the-face effect.
D. Foot-in-the-door effect.
D
78. IN HIS CLASSIC STUDIES OF
CONFORMITY, ASCH DEMONSTRATED
THAT…
A. Size of the majority does not influence how many people will conform.
B. A majority of one produces about as much conformity as a majority of
eight.
C. Lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform.
D. Obedience to authority was determined by the authority’s perceived
referent power.
C
79. _______ IS THE PROCESS OF
MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT
BEHAVIOR.
A. Proxemics
B. Attribution
C. Cohesiveness
D. Statusing
B
80. CREATION OF SUPERORDINATE
GOALS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE
EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING…
A. Intergroup conflict.
B. Authoritarianism.
C. Cognitive dissonance.
D. Social posturing.
A
81. EXPECTED BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR
SOCIAL POSITIONS ARE CALLED…
A. Roles.
B. Culture.
C. Stereotypes.
D. Mannerisms.
A
82. AS PART OF AN EXPERIMENT, TWO YOUNG WOMEN
STROLL DOWN A BUSY SIDEWALK WITH THEIR ARMS
AROUND EACH OTHER. THEY GET A VARIETY OF REACTIONS
FROM PASSERSBY, INCLUDING DISAPPROVING LOOKS AND
COMMENTS. THESE REACTIONS DEMONSTRATE THE
EXISTENCE OF…
A. Norms.
B. Ascribed roles.
C. Group structures.
D. Achieved roles.
A
83. AFTER MRS. KEECH’S DOOMSDAY PREPARATIONS
FAILED, HER FOLLOWERS SUDDENLY BECAME
INTERESTED IN CONVINCING OTHERS THEY WERE
RIGHT. THIS TURN OF EVENTS IS PREDICTED BY ________
THEORY.
A. Social exchange
B. Gain-loss
C. Cognitive dissonance
D. Balance
C
84. THE DEMONSTRATION BY JANE ELLIOT
WITH BLUE-EYED AND BROWN-EYED CHILDREN
SUGGESTS THAT AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO
GENERATE CONDITIONS OF PREJUDICE IS TO…
A. Require persons to compete for scarce resources.
B. Physically isolate two groups from each other.
C. Produce inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges of group members.
D. Demand that members of two groups cooperate to achieve a common
goal.
C
85. AN INDIVIDUAL’S MISUSE OF
VALUABLE NATURAL RESOURCES
COULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF…
A. Group sanctions.
B. A social trap.
C. Compliance.
D. Groupthink.
B
86. OVERDISCLOSURE OFTEN
RESULTS IN…
A. Growing trust and intimacy.
B. Increased attraction.
C. Suspicion an reduced attraction.
D. A tendency to respond in the same way.
C
87. THE THREE TECHNIQUES USED
FOR BRAINWASHING IDENTIFIED BY
MCCONNELL ARE..
A. Isolation, dependency, and reward.
B. De-stabilization, isolation, and conditioning.
C. Target behavior, dissonance, and consonance.
D. Isolation, change, and direct contact.
A
88. COMPARING YOURSELF WITH A
PERSON WHO RANKS LOWER THAN
YOU IS REFERRED TO AS…
A. Social comparison.
B. Downward comparison.
C. Upward comparison.
D. Physical proximity.
B
89. HOW INDIVIDUALS ARE AFFECTED BY
THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS IS THE FOCUS
OF STUDY IN THE FIELD OF…
A. Sociology.
B. Social psychology.
C. Experimental psychology.
D. Sociobiology.
B
90. SHOWS SUCH AS MR. ROGER'S
NEIGHBORHOOD AND SESAME STREET
DEMONSTRATE TV'S ABILITY TO…
A. Teach prosocial behavior.
B. Desensitize children.
C. Disinhibit antisocial behavior.
D. Reduce tension and frustration.
A
91. KAREN SMOKES TWO PACKS OF CIGARETTES A DAY. HOWEVER,
SHE IS AWARE THAT SMOKING IS HARMFUL TO HER HEALTH;
THEREFORE, SHE HOLDS TWO CONFLICTING OR DISSONANT
THOUGHTS. IF KAREN WERE TO REDUCE HER COGNITIVE
DISSONANCE BY CHANGING HER ATTITUDE, SHE MIGHT SAY TO
HERSELF,
A. “Smoking really isn’t that dangerous.”
B. “Smoking is a habit that I have little control over.”
C. “I think that I’ll try to give up smoking.”
D. “I’ll only smoke when I feel stressed out.”
A
92. ZIMBARDO’S PRISON EXPERIMENT
SUGGESTS THAT MANY DESTRUCTIVE
HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS HAVE THEIR
SOURCE IN…
A. Role diffusion.
B. Role conflict.
C. Learned roles.
D. Group cohesiveness.
C
93. THE STUDY OF ADAPTIVE
ORIGINS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
PATTERNS IS CALLED…
A. Matin’s preferences.
B. Evolutionary attachment.
C. Interpersonal attraction.
D. Evolutionary psychology.
D
94. GROUPS REWARD MEMBERS
WITH ________ AND _________ FOR
CONFORMITY.
A. Unanimity; power
B. Power; authority
C. Legitimacy; power
D. Approval; acceptance
D
95. STANLEY MILGRAM’S EXPERIMENT IN
WHICH A “TEACHER” GAVE SHOCKS TO A
“LEARNER” WAS DESIGNED TO TEST THE
LIMITS OF…
A. Expert power.
B. Coercive power.
C. Obedience.
D. Conformity to a majority.
C
96. MILGRAM’S SHOCK STUDY
SHOWED PEOPLE TO BE
SURPRISINGLY…
A. Rebellious.
B. Intelligent.
C. Sexist.
D. Obedient.
D
97. WHICH IS A METHOD TO
REDUCE PREJUDICE?
A. mixed-status contact
B. Mutual exclusively
C. Groupthink
D. Mutual interdependence
D
98. AN ONGOING PATTERN OF LIFE
INCLUDING THINGS SUCH AS LANGUAGE,
CUSTOMS AND SEX ROLES IS CALLED…
A. Conformity.
B. Norms.
C. Group cohesion.
D. Culture.
D
99. A REFERENCE GROUP IS…
A. One with which a person has face-to-face contact.
B. Any group in which one plays an active role or has membership.
C. Any group outside one’s social distance boundaries.
D. Any group whose values and attitudes are seen as relevant to one’s own.
D
100. STUDIES OF CONFORMITY INDICATE
THAT PEOPLE ARE MORE APT TO BE
INFLUENCED BY OTHERS IF THEY…
A. Are concerned about the approval of others.
B. Have low needs for certainty and structure.
C. Are in temporary rather than established groups.
D. Are in very large groups.
A