Transcript slides

IMPLICATIONS OF
MEASURES OF HISPANIC
ETHNICITY FOR STD
PREVENTION AND
TRANSMISSION
Mary B. Adam, MD
and the
Informatics and Decision Making
Laboratory, University of Arizona College
of Medicine
How do you measure
ethnicity?
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Skin color/race
Country of birth/continent of
origin
Parents/Grandparents national
origin
Surname/name analysis
Self perception
Shared language
Hispanic Origin Form
US Census 2000
“NO” Box if Not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino
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No, Not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino
Yes, Mexican, Mexican American,
Chicano
Yes, Puerto Rican
Yes, Cuban
Yes, Other Spanish/
Hispanic/Latino______
_____________, Salvadoran,
Dominican etc
Heterogeneity in Hispanic
Populations
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Recent immigrant-legal/illegal
Family could have lived in this region for
hundreds of years and under several
different flags
English speakers
Spanish speakers
Retain strong ties with country of origin or
may had adopted attitudes values and
beliefs of the dominant culture.
NIH Project Aims:
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(1) to evaluate measures of Hispanic
Ethnicity (Phase I)
(2) to measure differences in sexual
beliefs/values/attitudes in Hispanic versus
Anglo teens and in high risk versus low risk
teens (Phase I).
(3) To measure differences in reasons for
risky sexual decisions in Hispanic versus
Anglo teens and in high risk and low risk
teens (Phase I)
(4) to use the data from (1) and (2) in a new
curriculum for reducing and avoiding sexual
risk in teens (Phase II).
Measures of Hispanic Ethnicity
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Self-reported Ethnicity
Subjects birth country
Parent’s and Grandparent's birth
country
Language Use Scales
Religion
Description of sample
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255 Adolescents age 14-19
Gender
– 45% male; 55% female
Ethnicity
– 45% Mexican American/Hispanic
– 40% Anglo
– 14% Mixed ethnicity
– 1% Black
– <1% Central/South American
– <1%Native American
– <1% Asian
Description of Sample
Anglo
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–
–
–
–
98%
99%
27%
16%
speak English
Born in the United States
Protestant
Catholic
–
–
–
–
41%
78%
18%
70%
speak English, 20% speak Spanish
born in the United States
Protestant
Catholic
Hispanic
Factor Analysis
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Language Use
Country born
Spanish media
Religion importance
Self born
Catholic/nonCatholic
54% variance
8% variance
6% variance
6% variance
4% variance
3% variance
Hierarchical Cluster
Analysis
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Generation born
English language use
Spanish language use
Rates of Sexual Activity
by Gender and Ethnicity
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49% of males reported sexual
activity
49% of females reported sexual
activity
48% of Anglos reported sexual
activity
44% of Hispanics reported sexual
activity
Rates of Sexual Activity
by Country of Birth
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38% of foreign born Hispanics
reported being sexually active
48% of US born Hispanics
reported being sexually active
48% of US born Anglos reported
being sexually active.
Rates of Sexual Activity by
Language Use:
How often do you speak Spanish in general?
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34% of Hispanics who “almost
always” spoke Spanish were active
45% of Hispanics who “often” or
“sometimes” spoke Spanish were
active
55% of the Hispanics who reported
“almost never” were sexually active
Rates of Sexual Activity
by Religious Affiliation
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40% of Catholics reported being
sexually active
54% of non Catholics reported being
sexually active
Individuals within ethnic
groups are not
homogenous in their
beliefs, values, experiences,
or behavior.
Culture vs Context
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Family structure
Availability of family
members
Social economic
status
Educational
attainment
Discrimination
Access to health
care
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Language barriers
Religiosity
Perceptions about
illness, treatment,
physician-patient
roles
Value of maternal
role
Acculturation