Transcript PPTs-Unit14-Mrs.-Marcilliat-AP-PSY

AP PSYCHOLOGY
Unit XIV - Overview
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Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions – Module 74
Conformity and Obedience – Module 75
Group Behavior – Module 76
Prejudice and Discrimination – Module 77
Aggression – Module 78
Attraction – Module 79
Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking – Module 80
To aid in your note taking…
I suggest that you print these as
note pages.
As you read each day, use them to
add your own notes.
Social Psychology
Introduction
Module 74
Attribution, Attitudes, and
Actions
Introduction
• Social Psychology
• What is the focus of the social
psychologist?
The Fundamental Attribution Error
• Attribution theory
–Dispositional vs. situational attribution
–Examples:
–Fundamental attribution error
–Self-serving
bias
–Example:
Attitudes and Actions
Attitudes Affect Actions
• Attitude
–Central route
persuasion
–Example:
–Peripheral
route
persuasion
–Example:
Attitudes and Actions
Actions Affect Attitudes:
The Foot-in-the-Door
Phenomenon
• The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
–“start small and build”
–Example:
Attitudes and Actions
Actions Affect Attitudes:
Role Playing Affects Attitudes
• Role-Playing Affects Attitudes
–Role - Stanford prison study
–Who and what?
–Abu Ghraib
–Who and what?
Attitudes and Actions
Actions Affect Attitudes:
Cognitive Dissonance: Relief from Tension
• Cognitive Dissonance: Relief
From Tension
–Cognitive dissonance theory
–Example:
–“Attitudes follow
behavior”
Conformity: Complying With
Social Pressures – Module 75
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Automatic Mimicry
• Chameleon effect
• Example:
• Mood
linkage
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
• Conformity
–Solomon Asch study
–Describe:
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
Draw Figure 75.1 and explain
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
• Conditions That Strengthen Conformity
– One is made to feel incompetent or insecure
– Group has at least three people
– Group is unanimous
– One admires the group’s status
– One has made no prior commitment
– Others in group observe one’s behavior
– One’s culture strongly encourages respect
for social standards
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
• Reasons for Conforming
–Normative social influence
–Example:
–Informational social influence
–Example:
Obedience: Following Orders
• Obedience
–Milgram’s studies
on obedience
• Procedure
• Results
• Ethics
• Follow up studies
Obedience: Following Orders
Lessons From the Obedience
Studies
• Ordinary people being corrupted
by an evil situation
• What did these experiments
demonstrate?
Social Facilitation
• Social Facilitation
–Task difficulty
–Example
–Expertise effects
–Example
–Crowding effects
–Example
Social Loafing
• Social Loafing
• Define.
–Reasons why?
• Less accountability
• View themselves
as dispensable
Deinviduation
• Deindividuation
• With an example, can you
describe?
Group Polarization
• Group
Polarization
• Discuss.
Group Polarization
• Group
Polarization
Groupthink
• Groupthink
–Bay of Pigs
–What?
–Challenger
explosion
–How does this relate to Groupthink?
The Power of Individuals
• Social control vs personal control
• Difference?
• Minority
influence
• Example:
Cultural Influences
• Culture
–Culture within animals
What?
–Culture in
humans
–What?
Cultural Influences
Variation Across Cultures
• Norm
–Culture shock
–Example:
–Pace of life
–Example:
Cultural Influences
Variation Over Time
• Changes over the generations
• What?
Prejudice
• Prejudice
• Example:
• Stereotype
• Example:
• Discrimination
• Example:
Prejudice
How Prejudiced Are People?
Summarize:
Prejudice
Social Roots of Prejudice:
Social Inequalities
• Just world phenomenon
• Example:
• Blame the victim
• What?
Prejudice
Social Roots of Prejudice:
Us and Them:
Ingroup and Outgroup
• Us and Them: Ingroup and Outgroup
–Ingroup
–Example:
–Outgroup:
–Example:
–Ingroup bias
–Example:
Prejudice
Emotional Roots of Prejudice
• Emotional roots of prejudice
–Scapegoat theory
–What?
–Economic variables
–Negative emotions
Prejudice
Cognitive Roots of Prejudice
• Categorization
– Outgroup homogeneity
– Other-race effect
– Examples:
• Vivid cases
• Believing the world is just
– Hindsight bias
– Example:
The Biology of Aggression
• Genetic Influences
• What?
• Neural Influences
• What?
• Biochemical Influences
• What?
Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in Aggression
Aversive Events
• Aversive Events
–Frustration-aggression principle
–Example:
• Social and cultural influences
–Aggression-replacement program
Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in Aggression
Aversive Events:
• Reinforcement and Modeling
– Aggression-replacement program
– What?
• Media Model for Violence
– Social scripts
– Example:
• What does your author say about violent video games
teaching social scripts for violence?
The Psychology of Attraction
Proximity
• Proximity
–Mere exposure effect
–Example:
The Psychology of Attraction
Physical Attractiveness
• Physical attractiveness
• Example:
The Psychology of Attraction
Similarity
• Similarity
– Positive correlation between similarity and
liking
– Yes or No?
– Reward theory of attraction
– Example:
Romantic Love
• Love
– Passionate love
– What?
– Companionate love
– What?
• Equity
• Example:
• Self-disclosure
• Example:
Altruism
• Altruism
– Kitty Genovese
– Who?
• Bystander Intervention
– Diffusion of responsibility
– What?
– Bystander effect
– Example:
Altruism
Figure 80.1
Draw or summarize.
Altruism
Summarize Figure 80.2
Altruism
The Norms for Helping
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Social exchange theory
Example:
Reciprocity norm
Example:
Social-responsibility norm
Example:
Conflict and Peacemaking
Elements of Conflict
• Conflict
• Example:
• Social trap
What is the non-zero sum game?
Summarize Figure 80.3.
Conflict and Peacemaking
Elements of Conflict:
Enemy Perceptions
• Mirror-image perceptions
• Example:
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Example:
Conflict and Peacemaking
Promoting Peace
• Contact
• Example:
• Cooperation
What?
–Superordinate goals
–Example:
Conflict and Peacemaking
Promoting Peace
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Communication
Example:
Conciliation
Example:
• GRIT – What?
• Which social psychologist advocated
this strategy?
Now what?
It would behoove you to answer
the MC questions at the end of
each Module.
If you would like the correct
answers, come see me before or
after school! 