Transcript PLA Tools for analysis

Key issues
• Why – objectives: CBM (in this case) but
be clear on each stakeholder’s objectives
• What is their involvement – level of
participation identified and clear from the
outset
• Who is involved – Stakeholders identified
and kind of participation agreed and clear
• How – attitudes and behaviour, methods
and process design
How (to facilitate participation)?
• Attitudes and behaviour √
• Methods – e.g. PRA/PLA tools
• Good process
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Participatory Learning and
Action
• PRA / PLA is a family of
approaches and methods to
enable local people to share,
enhance and analyse their
knowledge of life and conditions,
to plan and to act.
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Participatory Learning and
Action
• The behaviour and attitudes of
outsider facilitators are crucial,
including relaxing not rushing,
showing respect, ‘handing over the
stick’, and being self-critically aware.
• Investigation, sharing and analysis is
done by and for the people, and is
often visual, and in groups.
Video
• Key issues 2/2
Community
steps
1. What is our
situation?
2. Why these
problems and what
can we do?
3. Can the
community agree a
way forward?
4. How can we tell
our plan is
working?
Community
steps
1. What is our
situation?
Facilitation
steps
1 Situation
analysis
Generate relevant information for
discussion and analysis about the local
environment, resource use and problems
2. Why these
problems and what
can we do?
2 Learning &
Awareness
3. Can the
community agree a
way forward?
3 Action Planning
Discuss traditional and scientific
information important for understanding
issues and planning actions
Select priority issues and develop actions
to address these including time frame
and responsible people/agencies
4. How can we tell
4 Monitoring plan
and implement a monitoring
our plan is working? Develop
plan during subsequent workshops and
follow up
Core of PLA
Facilitating: They do it, empowering
and enabling villagers to do more or
all of the investigation and analysis.
Our behavior and attitudes: the
behavior and rapport of the facilitators
is more important than the methods –
asking villagers to teach us, “handing
over the stick/pen”
A culture of sharing: of information, of
methods, of food, of experiences
Core of PLA
Critical self-awareness: about our
attitudes and behavior, learning from
error, trying to do better – “Failing
forwards”
Listening and learning instead of
lecturing: “Knowledge should be
on tap not on top” NOT Imposing
our ideas and values on them,
interrupting them, allowing our project
pressures to affect the process
It must be fun
Community
steps
1. What is our
situation?
Facilitation
steps
1 Situation analysis
Generate relevant information for
discussion and analysis about the local
environment, resource use and
problems
2. Why these
problems and what
can we do?
2 Learning &
Awareness
3. Can the
community agree a
way forward?
3 Action Planning
Discuss traditional and scientific
information important for understanding
issues and planning actions
Select priority issues and develop
actions to address these including time
frame and responsible people/agencies
4. How can we tell 4 Monitoring plan
and implement a monitoring
our plan is working? Develop
plan during subsequent workshops and
follow up
PLA
tools
•Mapping
•Historical profile /
timeline
•Seasonal calendar
•Ecological and
traditional knowledge
•Stakeholder analysis
•Problem trees
•Issue discussion / ranking
•Action plan / matrix
•Link to Action plan
Methods and tools e.g. PRA/PLA
Watch the following video and look out for
these tools especially:
•
•
•
•
Mapping
Historical profile / timeline
Seasonal calendar
Matrix - Action plan
• AND also watch how the facilitators behave
Video
• Mangrove use in Pakistan
Methods
Mapping tool
• Form 4 groups
• One of the group is randomly selected as facilitator and
must facilitate the group following the advice received in
this course. One of the group is observer and watches
process noting good things and things that could be
improved of facilitator.
• Facilitator follows the guidelines in the handout for
mapping and using the example of …….
• Make sure that you end by getting the group to note on
separate post-its things they think need to be changed
i.e. problems (one thing per post it)
• 45 minutes
Methods
Mapping debrief
• Show maps and consider the way they
have been done – whose has most useful
information and why?
– Facilitator encouraged discussion?
– Challenging for facilitator to keep knowledge
“on tap”
– Time and pressure
Methods
Mapping comments
• Attitudes – questioning technique, probing – did
the facilitator encourage discussion
• Biases – who in, who left out etc.
• Work the map – interview the map
• Careful of “interpreting”
• Awareness and be self critical
• Triangulation
• Value of diversity – represent different interests,
don’t lose the detail
Methods
Historical profile
• Used to stimulate discussion on changes
affecting the community and possible
causes – useful for e.g. resource
degradation or development
• An example format could be:
Changes
Population
Number of
houses
Etc.
Mangroves
Fishing areas
Amount of fish
caught
Fishing Methods
1960
1980
2000 Present
Historical profile
practical
• 4 groups
• New randomly selected facilitator
• Facilitate the group using the handout to
discuss changes affecting …
• 30 minutes
Historical profile
• Walk around and look at the other work
• See who has most information
• Discuss highlights
Some more key terms
•
•
•
•
•
Facilitate
Triangulate
Optimal ignorance
Objective driven – not tools driven
Improvise
Methods
Video - Tools
Vatulele - Ecowoman
Look out for:
• Resource mapping
• Matrix scoring
• Network diagrams
• Impact flow
• Problem trees
Methods
Seasonal calendar
• Seasonal calendars are tools to help
your community chart periodic events
such as agricultural events, marine
resource use, fishing times, spawning
or migration, changes in prices, times
of high labour demand or the different
ceremonies in the village.
Seasonal calendar
Activities
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
Taro
eat
taro
copra
copra
casav
apple
rest
Fish
hotel
hotel
hotel
Taro
fish
feast
copra
copra
wage
wage
x
xxx
x
x
Income
Food from sea
e.g. Clams
rabbitfish
etc
x
xx
x
x
x
x
Seasonal calendar
• 4 groups
• New facilitator following handout
• 30 minutes
Seasonal calendar
• Check other groups work
• Which one seems most useful? Why?
Community
steps
1. What is our
situation?
Facilitation
steps
1 Situation analysis
Generate relevant information for
discussion and analysis about the local
environment, resource use and
problems
2. Why these
problems and what
can we do?
2 Learning &
Awareness
3. Can the
community agree a
way forward?
3 Action Planning
Discuss traditional and scientific
information important for understanding
issues and planning actions
Select priority issues and develop
actions to address these including time
frame and responsible people/agencies
4. How can we tell 4 Monitoring plan
and implement a monitoring
our plan is working? Develop
plan during subsequent workshops and
follow up
PLA
tools
•Mapping
•Historical profile /
timeline
•Seasonal calendar
•Ecological and
traditional knowledge
•Stakeholders
•Problem trees
•Issue discussion / ranking
•Action plan / matrix
•Link to Action plan
Practical exercise
• Participants divide into groups
• Facilitate a meeting in nearby community/s
for half a day
• Spend 2-4 hours preparing teams
• Debrief and evaluate on return
• Remember to follow appropriate
procedures for engaging with village – e.g.
why are you there, what do they get out of
it, permissions, meals/refreshment etc
Checklist for practical
• Objectives e.g.
– Practice and learn tools for CBRM
– Share experience and awareness of local situation
• Agenda and process
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Intro
Group making
Tools
Plenary
Roles and jobs
Materials
Logistics (transport and food)
Follow-up and next steps
Matrix for evaluation of practical
exercise
Evaluate the work your group did, particularly:
• Objectives
• Groups and group-making
• Tools
• Facilitation
• End/follow-up
• Others? (timing, logistics, materials etc.)
Worked well
To improve