Transcript In-group bias - Doral Academy Preparatory

In-Group Bias:
Stereotypes, Prejudice and
Discrimination
Case Studies:
South African Apartheid
Rwandan Genocide
Jane Elliott’s Experiment
In-Groups and Out-Groups
• Social Identity
– Social
categorization
divide world into
in-group (“us”) and
out-group (“them”)
– When do we start
categorizing?
In-Groups and Out-groups
•
An in-group is a social group
commanding a member’s esteem
and loyalty; it is the one we
identify with.
•
An out-group is a social group
toward which one feels
competition or opposition.
•
In-group bias: view our own
group more favorably
Glossary
Stereotypes - beliefs about attributes that are thought to be
characteristic of members of particular groups. They can be
either positive or negative.
ex. Women are nurturing, car salesmen are dishonest
Prejudice - A negative judgment or opinion formed about a group
without knowledge of the facts.
Discrimination - Treating someone less favorably based on the
group, class or category they belong to. Discrimination is
prejudice in action.
Stereotypes
 A mental image of a group
based on opinion without
regard to individual differences.
 Oversimplification or
exaggeration about a group of
people
 They can be either positive or
negative.
 If individuals differ from
stereotype, they are treated as
exceptions.
Which of these stereotypes are attributed to
males and which ones to females?
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Aggressive
Dependent
Easily Influenced
Dominant
Passive
Home-oriented
Talkative
Tough
Rarely Cries
Emotional
Cruel
Forms of Prejudice
• Sexism : prejudice based on a person’s biological gender
• Racism: prejudice based on a person’s ethnicity
• Sectarianism : prejudice based on a person’s religious background
and/or political beliefs
• Homophobia : prejudice based on a person’s sexual orientation
• Disability Prejudice: Prejudice based on a person’s physical or
mental abilities
• Ageism: prejudice based on a person’s age
• What forms of prejudice are more preponderant in society today?
Sourcing the Problem
Stereotypes, Ideas, and Beliefs
Attitudes and Emotions
Prejudice
Discrimination
Discrimination in Society
 Legal Discrimination
 System of laws in a
society allows for
discrimination to occur
 Institutionalized
Discrimination
 When discrimination and
inequality become part of
the social structure
 No necessity for dominant
group to intentionally
dominate minority group.
 More difficult to change
because it runs deeper
than the laws created.
Robert Merton: Patterns of Prejudice
and Discrimination
• The Active Bigot
– Prejudiced and Openly
discriminatory
• The Timid Bigot
– Prejudiced, but is afraid
to discriminate because
of society’s pressures
• The Fair-Weather
Liberal
– Not prejudiced but
discriminates anyway
because of society’s
pressures
• The All-Weather
Liberal
– Not prejudiced and does
not discriminate
Case Study:
South Africa Under Apartheid
• It was a system of
government in South Africa
from 1948 to 1990.
• Apartheid means separation:
the whites were separated
from the black Africans and
minorities.
• The white minority ruled the
country and the black
majority did not have many
rights.
How did the world react to Apartheid?
• A lot of countries
boycotted South Africa
during Apartheid: they
refused to buy its
products.
• Film and pop stars refused
to perform in South Africa
Sports Against Apartheid
• South Africa was absent
from international sport
events for most of the
apartheid era due to
sanctions
• A lot of teams and
champions refused to
compete either in South
Africa or against South
Africa
Nelson Mandela
• He was the most important
anti-apartheid leader
• He spent 27 years in prison for
his ideas
• In 1994 he became the first
black president after the first
free elections in South Africa.
• Used sports as a way to unite
the country, especially the
1995 Rugby World Cup
Case Study: Rwandan Genocide
• April 1994
• Fight between two
ethnic groups
• Hutu majority
conducted mass killings
of Tutsi minority
• Around 800,000 people
were killed over a
period of 100 days
Jane Elliott - Blue Eyes and Brown
Eyes Experiment
• 3rd Grade Teacher Jane Elliott
• Experiment conducted on the days
after Martin Luther King
assassination (1968)
• Wanted to explain discrimination
to 8 year olds.
• Experiment deals with
stereotypes, prejudice,
discrimination, and the creation of
in-group bias.