Transcript Social Psychology 2

Notes Prejudice and Discrimination
LO 11.8 Prejudice and Discrimination
AP: Processes That Contribute to Differential Treatment
• Prejudice: negative attitude held by a
person about the members of a
particular social group
• Discrimination: treating people
differently because of prejudice toward
the social group to which they belong
Prejudice and Discrimination
LO 11.8 Prejudice and Discrimination
AP: Processes That Contribute to Differential Treatment
• Forms of prejudice include ageism,
sexism, racism, ethnocentrism, and
prejudice against those who are too fat
or too thin
Attitudes: Making Social Judgments
• Relationship between attitudes and
behavior
• Richard LaPiere journeyed across the
country with an Asian couple and
found that people who voice prejudicial
attitudes may not behave in
discriminatory ways
Overcoming Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop It
• “Jigsaw classroom”: educational
technique in which each individual is
given only part of the information
needed to solve a problem, forcing
individuals to work together to find the
solution
Notes How People Learn Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop It
AP: Processes That Contribute to Differential Treatment
• Social cognitive theory: views
prejudice as an attitude acquired
through direct instruction, modeling,
and other social influences
• Realistic conflict theory: conflict
between groups increases prejudice
and discrimination
How People Learn Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop It
• Social identity theory: the formation of a
person’s identity within a particular social
group is explained by social categorization,
social identity, and social comparison
– social identity: the part of the self-concept
including one’s view of self as a member of
a particular social category
– social comparison: the comparison of
oneself to others in ways that raise one’s
self-esteem
AP: Processes That Contribute to Differential Treatment/The Impact of Social and Cultural Categories
Overcoming Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop It
• Equal status contact: contact between
groups in which the groups have equal
status, with neither group having power
over the other
Attraction
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the Different Forms of Love
AP: Variables Contributing to Altruism, Aggression, and Attraction
• Interpersonal attraction: liking or
having the desire for a relationship with
another person
– physical attractiveness
– proximity: physical or geographical
nearness
– people like people who are similar to
themselves OR who are different from
themselves (complementary)
– reciprocity of liking: tendency of people to
like other people who like them in return
Love
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the Different Forms of Love
AP: Variables Contributing to Altruism, Aggression, and Attraction
• Love: a strong affection for another
person due to kinship, personal ties,
sexual attraction, admiration, or
common interests
• Sternberg’s three components of love:
1. intimacy
2. passion
3. commitment
Love
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the Different Forms of Love
AP: Variables Contributing to Altruism, Aggression, and Attraction
• Romantic love: consists of intimacy
and passion
• Companionate love: consists of
intimacy and commitment
• Consummate love: ideal love, in which
all three components are present
Figure 11.5 Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
This diagram represents the seven different kinds of love that can result from combining the three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Notice that some of
these types of love sound less desirable or positive than others. What is the one key element missing from the less positive types of love? Source: Adapted from Sternberg (1986).
Notes Aggression
LO 11.11 Biology and Learning Influences on Aggression
AP: Variables Contributing to Altruism, Aggression, and Attraction/How Heredity, Environment, and Evolution Shape Behavior
Frustration–aggression hypothesis:
aggression is a reaction to frustration
• Konrad Lorenz saw aggression as an instinct
for fighting to promote the survival of our
species
• Biological influences on aggression may
include genetics, the amygdala and limbic
system, and testosterone and serotonin
levels
Aggression
LO 11.11 Biology and Learning Influences on Aggression
AP: Variables Contributing to Altruism, Aggression, and Attraction/Identify Important Figures
• Violence in the media
– Albert Bandura: Bobo Doll
• Social role: the pattern of behavior that
is expected of a person who is in a
particular social position
– Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment
The Power of the Situation: Stanford
Prison Experiment
• Philip Zimbardo 1971 wanted to see
how the power of the situation would
shape the behavior of normal, average
subjects
Stanford Prison Experiment
• Participants behavior was influenced
by social roles
• Social Roles shared expectations
about how people in certain
positions should behave
• Like Milgram, Zimbardo concluded
that situational pressures can lead
normal, decent people to behave in
sinister, repugnant ways.