Transcript REALISE

Project co-financed under the European Integration Fund
Dimitra Kampeli
London, June 2012
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
The objective of the Local diagnosis was
not to undertake an academic level of
research, but to follow a pragmatic
approach in order to give sufficiently
accurate answers to the main questions:
What is the degree of the problem?
(Severity)
Why are third-country nationals
over-qualified in the locality?
(Cause).
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Three levels of analysis:
a) the general labour market situation,
b) the profile of third country nationals,
focusing on the issue of over
qualification and
c) conclusions and recommendations for
further exploitation in both
transnational and local level.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
OVER-QUALIFICATION
The term refers to the mismatch
between skills / qualifications of an
employee and the level of skill or
education necessary for the job
that person is doing. An alternative
definition focusing more on the
disparity between skill level and
wages is also used in some of the
literature.
THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS
Any person who is not a citizen of
the European Union within the
meaning of Article 20(1) of the
Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union and who is not a
person enjoying the Union right to
freedom of movement, as defined in
Article 2(5) of the Schengen Borders
Code (European Migration Network).
For the purpose of present report
the term describes immigrants in
Greece, originated for non EU
countries, holding a valid residence
permit.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
ΑΡΜΕΝΙΑ, 102
ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΣ, 106
ΦΙΛΙΠΠΙΝΕΣ, 141
ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΥΠΗΚΟΩΝ ΤΡΙΤΩΝ ΧΩΡΩΝ
ΣΤΗΝ Π.Ε. ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟΥ
ΕΚΔΟΘΕΙΣΕΣ ΑΔΕΙΕΣ ΑΝΑ ΥΠΗΚΟΟΤΗΤΑ (2010)
ΓΙΟΥΓΚΟΣΛΑΒΙΑ ( ΣΕΡΒΙΑΜΑΥΡΟΒΟΥΝΙΟ), 165
ΣΕΡΒΙΑ, 228
ΜΟΛΔΑΒΙΑ, 340
ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑ, 394
53,3% Males
ΛΟΙΠΕΣ, 845
46,7% Females
ΣΥΡΙΑ, 480
ΡΩΣΙΑ, 506
ΟΥΚΡΑΝΙΑ, 616
23,4%
76,6%
ΑΛΒΑΝΙΑ, 12.868
Source: Decentralized Administration of Crete - Department of Foreigners and Migration
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Published in The Economist
Feb 28th 2008.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
The rapid increase of migrants in the area during the
1990’s originated from the need to cover an
important lack of labour force in primary sector and
in other “downgraded” job areas with low labour
supply (for example builders, craftsmen, domestic
workers).
In many cases their wages remain very low, without
any consolidation & insurance.
Informal occupation has become synonym of
economic immigrants, who usually select the path of
unofficial employment in order to ensure a higher
income.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Primary
sector
Secondary
sector
Tertiary
sector
The economic activity in Crete was based mainly on
agriculture and livestock farming (primary sector)
until the '70s. Nowadays, tourism in Crete is the
most dynamic developing sector of the local
economy, with relevant activities to be located in
the majority of coastal district and less in urban
centres, where all the administrative, educational,
financing and figurative services (tertiary sector) of
the Island are gathered. Secondary sector concerns
mainly the food industry, closely related with rural
products from the area but also the sectors of
structural materials and plastic. All three sectors of
local economy are directly connected and interdepended.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Source: National Statistical Service of Greece
Region of Crete (2012). Economic Facts. In: http://www.crete.gov.gr
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Concerning the key data on Education in Europe 2012 "tertiary
education graduates integrate into the job market two times more
quickly than people with lower qualifications. On average, it takes five
months for tertiary education graduates to enter the job market, as
opposed to 9.8 months for people with lower attainment levels." In this
context, Dutch university graduates fare quite well. On average, it
takes them only three months to find a job after graduation.
Countries that have suffered particularly from the EU debt crisis
show a mixed picture: in Greece (12.2 months), Italy (9.8 months)
and Spain (7 months) graduates stay unemployed longer while Portugal
(4.7) and Ireland (4.1) perform better than the EU average.
Source: Eurydice and Eurostat (2012). Joint Research: Key data on Education in Europe
2012. In: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
•Most immigrants have graduated primary or secondary education and
there seems to be a percentage between 11-18%, which refers to third
degree education graduates.
•Second generation migrants with two immigrant parents presents
higher rate of unemployment and minor rate of employment.
•The majority of individuals that have been born abroad came to Greece
in order to find a job. An important percentage of immigrants intend to
stay in Greece permanently (46.6%) or for more than five years (23.4%).
•The majority (60.1%) gave negative response as for the need to
improve their Greek language skills).
•The percentage of individuals that have tried to pursue a degree
recognition is particularly low (2.9%) and only 1.2 percent managed to
complete this procedure with success.
•Only 9.9 percent of immigrants have made use of the available
vocational services in Greece.
National Statistical Service of Greece (2009). Press release: Special Research results on the occupational position of
immigrants (first and second generation) inside the Greek labour market. In: http://www.statistics.gr.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Why does immigrant over-qualification happen?
•Τhe biggest barrier for overqualified immigrants in Greece is the language.
•There are no permanent organized services in the country in order for the
newcomers to be familiarized with language and culture of host country.
•The degree recognition acquired in the country of origin is an extremely
complex procedure.
•Furthermore, in order to exercise specific professions in Greece prior
authorization needs to be obtained, which means more obstacles for immigrants.
•Discrimination and prejudice are existing phenomenon in Greek society (even
for second generation immigrants).
•Limitation of immigrants in using effectively the existing labour market
networks.
•The present economic crisis has completely reversed the more positive climate
in favour of immigrants that was gradually established during the past years.
•Only recently, Greece has proceeded with the establishment of the National
Framework of Qualifications, which is still under organization.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
According to the Organization of Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) “labour market access is not measured
solely by the yardstick of the unemployment rate, but is also
assessed in terms of the match between qualifications and jobs.
From this viewpoint, qualified immigrants encounter special
difficulties in all OECD countries. This could be attributable to:
• unobserved differences in the “value” of degrees or in
intrinsic skills;
• problems with the recognition of degrees acquired in the
country of origin;
• a lack of human and social capital specific to the host country
(e.g. proficiency in the language);
• the local labour market situation; and
• various forms of discrimination.”
Source: Dumont, J.C. and Monso, O. (2007). “Part II - Matching educational background
and employment: a challenge for immigrants in host countries”. In: INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION OUTLOOK - SOPEMI 2007 EDITION: ISBN 978-92-64-03285-9.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
In November 2011, the General Secretariat of Population and Social
Cohesion (Ministry of Internal) presented for public discussion the
“National Strategy for Social Integration of Third Country
Nationals 2012-2015”. Main goal remains the organization of a
common framework for the co-ordination of European and national
integration policies, together with the promotion of effectiveness,
rationality and synergy of relevant actions, involving cost saving for
national social policies. According to the presented text
“significant challenge for the future of national integration
policy constitutes the improvement of first and second
generation immigrants’ access to better job placements offering
higher salaries or in advanced specialisation positions, which
cover all areas of national economy, via the recognition of
qualifications, professional training, education etc. acquired
abroad.”
General Secretariat for Population and Social Cohesion (2011). National Strategy for Social
Integration of Third Country Nationals 2012-2015. In: http://ete.ypes.gr.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Multiple level approach
•Building systems of cooperation between the involved stakeholders.
•Improving and coordinating existing services for immigrants and
employment.
•Developing a local mechanism for recording third country nationals’
skills and knowledge, especially concerning newcomers and its final
result refers to gathered information’s matching with the existing
labour demand in local market.
•Improving information and awareness raising of over qualified third
country nationals concerns: a) local employers, b) public servants, c)
local politicians, d) general public.
• Increasing supportive services for immigrants’ integration, especially
concerning Greek language courses.
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Local key Stakeholders Panels (PLS) have a vital role within the planning &
implementation of actions in favour of overqualified third country nationals in the
locality under study. In the framework of REALISE Project, PLS has specific purpose:
•To better conceive policy and actions, by benefiting from the insight of those
affected by and most concerned with such policies and actions.
•To obtain their support (‘buy in’) for the policies and actions that will be pursued.
•To obtain more support outside of the PLS, by advocating in the community. The idea
is they become “multipliers of the message”, by campaigning for Realise Project in
the area of Heraklion (formally or informally), raising awareness and disseminating.
•To participate in undertaking the local diagnosis of severity and cause of over
qualification, being the key info providers.
•To participate in developing pilot local interventions because these interventions
will be designed by and negotiated with the PLS.
•To participate in developing long-term strategies to scale-up pilot interventions to
policy level because PLS members have the power to influence policy.
Logical Framework Analysis
Tool
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention in Heraklion
Heraklion LAG members in a series of meetings discusses and set (in 3 working groups):
Medium-Term Strategic Goal,
Direct aims,
Expected results
Indicators
Control Sources
Threats
Actions
Responsible partner/ actors
Tools
Resources needed
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention in Heraklion Medium Term Strategic Goal
To minimize the phenomenon of over qualification in our
intervention area
To assist and improve the entrance of immigrants in the local
labour market
To Improve equal opportunities for all citizens via networking
To improve the quality of life of our community (via more
effective integration and social inclusion)
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention in Heraklion Aims & Objectives
To create “records or card of qualification”
To increase the percentage of immigrants’ degree recognition
To network all local service and support organisations for
immigrants
To contribute towards the sensitization and mobilization of
employers and general public
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention in Heraklion - Threats
Increase of racism and negative attitudes towards immigrants
Participation to the Greek parliament for the first time in its
history extreme left political party with racist attitudes wellknow for their actions against immigrants.
Economic Crisis- increase of unemployment
Non stable national policies on the immigration issue
Negative role of Media against immigration enhancing
stereotypes
Lack of cooperation and synergies
Lack of organization and/or immigrants representatives
participation
Lack of finding
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention Heraklion - Expected results
Better image of the immigrant communities
More attractive image of immigrant employees towards
employers
More sensitized employers (plus general public)
Better access of immigrants to public or private services
(utilising their obtained knowledge)
Better coordination, networking and synergies among local
organisations and services
Contribution to the national/regional goals for social inclusion
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention Heraklion - All Interventions
Discussed prior to prioritised selection process
Informative leaflet production for the participation to Greek
language lessons
Informative leaflet production on the degree recognition and
translation complex procedures
Cooperation
schemes
among
organisations
for
the
implementation and the diffusion of the informative material
Translation of existing leaflets and procedures to several
languages in order to attract more immigrants.
Involvement of immigrants themselves (eg representatives) to
the information dissemination
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention Heraklion - All Interventions
Discussed prior to prioritised selection process (2)
 “Familiarization” events among local community & immigrants
 Social campaigns (printed or audiovisual)
 Short film on the issue with real cases (story telling)
Conference/workshop on Human Rights agenda
Festival of Creative Expression – Anti-racism Festivals
Multicultural Educational schemes in primary/secondary
schools
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention Heraklion - All Interventions
Discussed prior to prioritised selection process (3)
 Recording immigrants’ qualification (qualification card)
Recording the immigrants’ route in “past-present-future”
Combine qualification to local market supply via existing tools
(eg Workfinder scheme of the Municipality of Heraklion)
 Conducting surveys and further research on mapping
organisations
Enhancing the power of new structure of “Immigration
Integration Councils”
 Creating structures similar to “entrance centres” focus on
valid information diffusion and “social orientation schemes”
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Pilot Local Intervention Heraklion - All Interventions
Discussed prior to prioritised selection process (4)
 Workshops, seminars, educational or vocational schemes
 For public servants stimulating their attitudes to citizens
originated from other countries
For media for their social responsibility and role in a
multinational society
For immigrants on their professional development schemes (cv,
interviews, rights etc) – both in groups and personalised
For immigrants and their representatives for social orientation
issues
Project co-financed
under the European
Selected Interventions
1. Combine immigrants’ qualification to local market
supply via the existing tools of “Workfinder”
scheme of the Municipality of Heraklion
Integration Fund
Stage One: Recording Qualification via specific forms
in the “Immigration Authority” for new-comers
Stage Twο: Conducting survey on the immigrants
staying in the region via “Immigration Authority’s
records (short telephone interview)
Stage Three: Analyse findings
Stage Four: Take authorization to include these data
to the “Workfinder” system and automatism the
Project co-financed
under the European
Selected Interventions
2. Workshops- vocational scheme
Integration Fund
Conduct a workshop/vocational scheme program
targeted to:
- public servants stimulating their attitudes to
citizens originated from other countries
- media for their social responsibility and role in a
multinational society
-immigrants on their professional development
schemes (cv, interviews, rights etc) – both in
groups and personalized
- immigrants and their representatives for social
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Selected Interventions
3. Degree recognition
-Informative leaflet production on the degree
recognition and translation of complex procedures
-Cooperation schemes among organisations for the
implementation and the diffusion of the
informative material
-Translation of existing leaflets and procedures to
several languages in order to attract more
immigrants.
-Involvement of immigrants themselves (eg
representatives) to the information dissemination
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Selected Interventions
3. Degree recognition
-Informative leaflet production on the degree
recognition and translation of complex procedures
-Cooperation schemes among organisations for the
implementation and the diffusion of the
informative material
-Translation of existing leaflets and procedures to
several languages in order to attract more
immigrants.
-Involvement of immigrants themselves (eg
representatives) to the information dissemination
Project co-financed
under the European
Integration Fund
Selected Interventions
4. Raising public awareness
-Social campaigns (printed or audiovisual)
-Short film on the issue with real cases (story telling)
-Multicultural Educational schemes in
primary/secondary schools
Important note: For this set of activities budget
modification is required within our budget (change
of categories from staff expenses to externals)
Thank you for your attention!
http://realise2020.wordpress.com
Funded under the European Fund for
Integration of third-country nationals
(European Integration Fund INTI)